WAR : UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL By Ms. Houseman November 25, 2013

Dedicated to the men and women of the United States who have fought for our country.

“In war you lose your sense of the definite, hence your sense of truth itself, and therefore it's safe to say that in a war story nothing is ever absolutely true.” Tim O’Brien, The Things The Carried

TABLE OF CONTENTS Written Texts  “Soldier’s Home,” a short story by Ernest Hemingway  “Final Salute,” long form narrative journalism by Jim Sheeler Visual Texts  Civil War Photography of Andrew Gardner  Morley Safer’s TV Reports on Vietnam Works Cited

PHOTOGRAPHY (Gardner)

ANDREW GARDNER, THE PHOTOGRAPHER Andrew Gardner, an immigrant from Scotland, worked for Mathew Brady, a photographer known as “the father of photojournalism” for his depiction of the Civil War. Up until the last several years, Gardner’s photography was attributed to Brady. However, Gardner was one of more than 200 photographers that Brady sent out to document the War. Brady and his men took thousands of photographs on the battlefields and in war camps (civilwar.org). In the field, it was Gardner who photographed America’s bloodiest Battle, the Battle of Antietam in He was the first of Brady’s photographers to capture images of the war dead before they were buried (nps.gov). Technology was primitive at the time, so Brady required his subjects be still before the photograph was taken. As a result, there are no photos of action on the battlefield; instead, the photos taken by Brady and his photographers are posed (Perry).

“ SUNKEN ROAD” BY ANDREW GARDNER This photo, taken in 1862, focuses on the confederate dead from the battle of Antietam. Garnder employs the rule of thirds: while the dead soldiers are in the middle of the photograph, the bodies create a diagonal line into the upper-left distance. The line of bodies, receding into the distance provides depth to the photo, creating an eerie image of the masses of war dead at this particular battle. Meanwhile, two men, presumably those who will bury the dead, are in the upper right of the rule-of-thirds grid, looking over the men, seemingly in a position of power – whether asked for or not: the living will be required to take care of the dead. The foreground reveals barren land, a dirt hill perhaps, which lends a starkness and hopelessness to the photo: here are men, sons, husbands, fathers, lying dead in a sunken “road” in the middle of a barren field.

WORKS CITED  Civil War Trust. Web. 28 November  Gardner, Andrew. The Sunken Road at Antietam Library of Congress, Washington, DC. About.com. 19 th Century History. Web. 28 November  National Park Service. Web. 28 November  Perry, Douglas. Teaching with Documents. The Civil War as Photographed by Mathew Brady. National Archives. Web. 28 November 2013.

WHAT YOU’LL NEED TO DO  Keep track of each website you visit.  Avoid Wikipedia or amateur sites. Look for sites that are credible.  Consult Purdue Owl: MLA format (there’s a link on my website). Pay attention to how you must cite the media text (song, poem, etc.) itself – it’s fairly involved. See how I cited “The Sunken Road.” In most cases, such as when you are citing research you’ve discovered, you’ll only need to cite the website. But there is a way to do that. Make sure you do it correctly. Full URLs are no longer required by MLA. If there is an author of the article you are using, you’ll need to site the author (see my Perry citation). Be sure to include embedded citations. Your citation, in parenthesis, should be the first entry on your Works Cited list (it could be author, title of work, website, etc. You’ll need to figure that out).