8 Dec 2006DMM 2006 Windhoek1 DECISION MAKERS MEETING ON GOOD LAND ADMINISTRATION Windhoek, 7 – 8 December 2006 OVERVIEW by Antony Lamba UN-HABITAT Somalia

8 Dec 2006DMM 2006 Windhoek2 LAND (POLICY) REFORM  National Land Policy/Land Legislation Kenya 2003, Uganda 1995/8, SA 2004, Swaziland 1997, Rwanda 2005, Ghana 1994, Mozambique 1995/8, Tanzania 1999, Cameroon?  Drivers Constitutional reform (Kenya 2003, Uganda 1995, Swaziland 2006) Historical injustices (SA), others …  Similar LA constraints  Similar NLP objectives/principles

8 Dec 2006DMM 2006 Windhoek3 LAND POLICY INSTRUMENTS  Land registration (conversion, incremental)  Land use control (e.g. idle land)  Resettlement, Land consolidation/sharing  Redistribution (SA 30% of settler farms)  Restitution (SA 80,000 claims)  Land market regulation

8 Dec 2006DMM 2006 Windhoek4 LEGAL FRAMEWORK  Governance Mandates (Ministry, Department, Directorate) Decentralisation (Rwanda 2100 cells, Tanzania 13,000 villages) Effectiveness (Uganda Land Act 1998) Public/customer support ICT (Mozambique LAHS AND LIMS)  Rule of law Clarity and acceptance of access to land laws/process (Botswana FCFS, Mozambique bona fide occupation rights) Government interference with private land rights (expropriation, compulsory acquisition) Use of land as tax base

8 Dec 2006DMM 2006 Windhoek5 CUSTOMARY TENURE  Many countries have majority of land under customary tenure Zambia >90% Botswana 72% Ghana 78% Tanzania 70%  Customary tenure reform Formalisation (Tanzania) Conversion (Zambia) Replace, adapt & modify, regularise? (Ghana, …)

8 Dec 2006DMM 2006 Windhoek6 CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT  Justification for investment??  Educational/professional development  Learning by doing/on the job training Ethiopia Ghana  Supply shortfalls South Africa (valuers) Rwanda Cameroon Malawi

8 Dec 2006DMM 2006 Windhoek7 IMPACT OF LAND REFORMS ON LA ACTIVITIES – LAND TENURE/OWNERSHIP  Innovative tenure/tools (Mozambique comm land certs, Namibia flexible title)  Tenure reform (Lease period review - Swaziland, Ghana, 50 yrs - Mozambique)  Land registration (Tanzania needs 114 district registries, Ghana 4 more district registries)  Land dispute resolution (30,000 cases in Ghana)

8 Dec 2006DMM 2006 Windhoek8 IMPACT OF LAND REFORMS ON LA ACTIVITIES - LAND USE  Land use/development control (Taxation, development grace period, …)  Management of state land (environment, minerals) e.g. forests in Malawi

8 Dec 2006DMM 2006 Windhoek9 IMPACT OF LAND REFORMS ON LA ACTIVITIES – LAND VALUATION/MARKET  Valuation process (Controversy in SA)  NLP focus on promotion of land markets (Ghana)

8 Dec 2006DMM 2006 Windhoek10 “AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE, AS MUCH AS NECESSARY”