Non-renewable and Renewable Resources Coal, Nuclear, Natural Gas, Oil, Wood, Wind, Solar, Geothermal, Solar-Hydrogen

COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are considered nonrenewable because they can not be replenished in a short period of time. These are called fossil fuels. We use most our fossil fuels for industry

Crude Oil How is the search for resources linked to endangered species? Crude Oil located just under Earth’s crust 67% of oil reserves are controlled by OPEC \ 26% is controlled by Saudi Arabia 7% is controlled by Iraq

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Oil supplies will last for 40 some years at the current rate newly discovered oil may last for another 40 years for every barrel of crude oil extracted, two barrels of heavy oil are left in ground takes 1/3 of barrel to fuel extraction of this heavy oil by steam or carbon dioxide gas

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES $57/barrel 84 billion barrels/day –OPEC sometimes tries to increase 500,000 barrels/day to help our price of gas

Oil and Natural Gas Oil is a thick, black liquid formed from the buried remains of microscopic marine organisms Natural gas forms under similar conditions and often with oil but it forms in a gaseous state. Both are hydrocarbons

HOW ARE OIL AND GAS MADE ???

Drilling for Oil and Gas Oil and natural gas can be pumped from underground deposits and is made into useable gas by an oil refinery

Synthetic Fuels These are extracted from solid organic material. These can be created from coal (with hydrocarbons) The hydrocarbons are extracted to form a liquid and gaseous synthetic fuels.

Action The U.S. uses 20 million barrels of oil/day –Which is roughly ¼ of all use, but we have only 2% of the population 13 million of these 20 million come from other countries Columbia has a program that will limit its oil use so that the oil will last a certain amount of years (50 or so years)

Action What should the U.S. do to decrease the dependency on other countries? An idea has been put forth… –Decrease the consumption to make the oil last for 75 years –Can you think of any other ideas?

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Natural gas (methane, propane, butane, hydrogen sulfide) flammable, but fairly easy to transport world reserves would last 125 years produces less carbon dioxide than crude oil damages the environment less than drilling for crude oil can be/is being used in cars and factories (produce electricity more efficiently and cleaner than crude oil)

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Natural gas But: lack of potential drilling sites for large deposits, and stricter environmental regulations make this an unpopular alternative for companies

HOW IS COAL MADE ???

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Coal mining most abundant and dirtiest fossil fuel: reserves should last 220 years; unidentified coal could last 900 years dirtiest fossil fuel: harms land and causes water pollution, lung disease, land to sink, soil erosion, and produces most carbon dioxide of all processes Most abundant fossil fuel

Coal Mining Methods used: -Strip mining or open-pit mining -Underground mining

Strip mining is used only when the coal deposits are close to the surface

Types of Underground mining: Drift Mining – is the removal of coal that is not close to the Earth’s surface through a horizontal opening Slope Mining – an angled opening and air shaft are made in the side of a mountain to remove coal

NUCLEAR ENERGY NUCLEAR ENERGY Nuclear fission uses uranium to create energy. Nuclear energy is a nonrenewable resource because once the uranium is used, it is gone! But it is a cheap energy

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Nuclear power 1950’s was beginning; there was to be 1,800 power plants supplying most of world’s electricity Pollution is low, land disruption is low currently there are 120 plants providing 22% of our electricity (17% of world’s)

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Nuclear power What happened? Multibillion-dollar construction, high costs to run facility, frequent malfunctions, poor management, not meeting output estimates, and Chernobyl\ –The Chernobyl accident in 1986 was the result of a flawed reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel. –The resulting steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the radioactive reactor core into the atmosphere and downwind. –Two Chernobyl plant workers died on the night of the accident, and a further 28 people died within a few weeks as a result of acute radiation poisoning.

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Nuclear power But rods have to be stored for 240,000 years or fuel has to be reprocessed and the waste has to be stored for 10,000 years

RENEWABLE RESOURCES RENEWABLE RESOURCES Wind turbine Solar cooker Natural refrigerator Geothermal and hydroelectric sources

RENEWABLE RESOURCES Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished in a short period of time. ● Solar ● Geothermal ● Wind ● Water

SOLAR Energy from the sun. Why is energy from the sun renewable?

GEOTHERMAL GEOTHERMAL Energy from Earth’s heat. Why is energy from the heat of the Earth renewable?

WIND WIND Energy from the wind. Why is energy from the wind renewable? Problem: it must be transported to its source

BIOMASS BIOMASS Energy from burning organic or living matter. Why is energy from biomass renewable?

WATER or HYDROELECTRIC WATER or HYDROELECTRIC Energy from the flow of water. Why is energy of flowing water renewable?

SUMMARY What are the differences between nonrenewable and renewable resources?