He was born on July 6, 1796 and died in 1855 Died in 1855 due to his health weakening Ruled as Russian Czar from December 1825 until his death in 1855 The day of the oath of allegiance to Nicholas was meant to take place, a group of young army officers called Decembrists attempted a coup (overthrow). DATE OF REIGN

Dreamt of an ideal society modeled on a patriarchal (male-controlled) family, where the people showed loyalty to the unlimited authority of the Czar. The Russian wing of European reaction which was represented by Nicholas I and his government, found its ideological expression in the doctrine of so-called Official Nationality. Nicholas saw himself as accomplishing a divine mission and eagerly took part in every aspect of governing the country. Never changed his ideology because he was determined to defend the existing order in his motherland, especially autocracy IDEOLOGY

December 14, 1825 Ceremony held to swear military allegiance to Nicholas I In St. Petersburg, Russia, a group of military officials staged a revolt against Tsar Nicholas I Officers started a mutiny in their regiment and 3000 men began open revolt against tsar Nicholas did not want to start out his reign massacre so tried to talk with the peace rebels Nicholas I ordered fire and rebel were defeated Nicholas's older brother, Constantine, stood to inherit the throne first DECEMBRISTS REVOLT

60-70 people were killed Rebels who were captured were either hanged or exiled to Siberia He felt like one of the major threats was liberalism Nicholas I set up secret spies and censorship and tried to crush all revolts DECEMBRIST REVOLT EFFECTS

The tactics he used were dictatorial, paternalistic, and inadequate Inadequate was not used as much as dictatorial and paternalistic Dictatorial: of or pertaining to a dictator or dictatorship Paternalistic: a policy or practice of treating or governing people in a fatherly manner especially by providing for their needs without giving them rights or responsibilities Inadequate: lacking the quality or quantity required; insufficient for a purpose TACTICS HE USED TO CONTROL SOCIETY

“Autocracy, Orthodoxy, and Nationality” Promote traditional Russian values, culture and suppress non- Russian nationalities and religions He believed in Russification Autocracy: meant affirmation and maintenance of the absolute power of the sovereign, which was considered the indispensable of the Russian State. Orthodoxy: Referred to the official church Nationality: The status of belonging to a particular nation, whether by birth or naturalization MOTTO AND MEANING

His main goals were to make the government autocratic He simplified laws The “Nicholas System” was the nickname made later on, by how he ruled Reconctructed the currency Factory Act: passed by Nicholas I and told the working conditions of urban workers Expanded empire to the east to gain warm water port REFORMS

Houghton Mifflin Company. “The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language” copyright © January 2014). Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia, (Berkeley, University of California Press: 1959). under-nicholas-i/ under-nicholas-i/ BIBLIOGRAPHY