Modernism and its Others Some relevant late 19 th - and early 20 th -century “isms”

Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Fauvism

“Déjeuner sur l’herbe” (Edouard Manet, 1863)

Gustave Courbet, “Origin of the World” (1866)

“Bathers” (Paul Cezanne, 1877)

“Blue Nude” (Henri Matisse, 1907)

Cubism

“Les Demoiselles d’Avignon,” Pablo Picasso (1907)

Juan Gris, “Musician table”

“Violin and Pipe,” George Braque (1913)

Futurism

The Futurist Manifesto (1909)

The Futurist Manifesto (1909) (excerpt) “We want to sing the love of danger, the habit of danger and of temerity.” “The essential elements of our poetry will be courage, daring, and revolt.” “ We declare that the world's wonder has been enriched by a fresh beauty: the beauty of speed. A racing car with its trunk adorned by great exhaust pipes like snakes with an explosive breath... a roaring car that seems to be driving under shrapnel, is more beautiful than the Victory of Samothrace.” “ We stand on the far promontory of centuries!... What is the use of looking behind us, since our task is to smash the mysterious portals of the impossible? Time and Space died yesterday. We live already in the absolute, since we have already created the eternal omnipresent speed. “ We want to glorify war -- the only hygiene of the world --militarism, patriotism, the anarchist's destructive gesture, the fine Ideas that kill, and the scorn of woman.” “We want to demolish museums, libraries, fight against moralism, feminism, and all opportunistic and utilitarian cowardices.”

Umberto Boccioni, Unique forms of Continuity in Space (1913)

Umberto Boccioni, 1915, Carica dei Lanciere

Umberto Boccioni, “Elasticity” (1912)

Carlo Severini, “Dynamism of a Dancer,” 1912

Luigi Russolo, “Dynamism of an Automobile” ( )

Giacamo Balla, “Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash” (1912)

Vorticism

Vorticist Manifesto (1914) 1. Beyond Action and Reaction we would establish ourselves. 2. We start from opposite statements of a chosen world. Set up violent structure of adolescent clearness between two extremes. 3. We discharge ourselves on both sides. 4. We fight first on one side, then on the other, but always for the SAME cause, which is neither side or both sides and ours. 5. Mercenaries were always the best troops. 6. We are primitive Mercenaries in the Modern World. 7. Our Cause is NO-MAN'S. 8. We set Humour at Humour's throat. Stir up Civil War among peaceful apes. 9. We only want Humour if it has fought like Tragedy. 10. We only want Tragedy if it can clench its side-muscles like hands on its belly, and bring to the surface a laugh like a bomb.

Wyndham Lewis

Imagism

The three principles of Imagism (from Poetry, 1913) 1.Direct treatment of the 'thing' whether subjective or objective. 2.To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation. 3.As regarding rhythm: to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in sequence of a metronome.

“In a Station of the Metro” (1913) Ezra Pound The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.

Dadaism/Surrealism

Dada Manifesto (1918)

Marcel Duchamps, “Nude Descending a Staircase” (1913)

Man Ray, “The Gift”

“Rrose Sélavy,” Marcel Duchamp (Man Ray)

“Bottle Rack” (Marcel Duchamp, 1914)

André Bréton, First Surrealist Manifesto (1924)

First Surrealist Manifesto "Psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one proposes to express — verbally, by means of the written word, or in any other manner — the actual functioning of thought. Dictated by the thought, in the absence of any control exercised by reason, exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern."

Max Ernst, “Celebes” 1921

Giorgio de Chirico, “The Uncertainty of the Poet,” 1913

Hans Bellmer, “La poupée”