Dissection Guide to the Rat The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Rat Dissection Scientific Name: Rattus norvegicus Common Name: Rat RATS Scientific Name: Rattus norvegicus Common Name: Rat Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Subphylum- Vertebrata Class- Mammalia Order- Rodentia Family: Muridae http://dcfud.smorgasblog.com/userimages/rat.bmp http://www.gisbornesc.vic.edu.au/home/jans/home/rat.htm

Anatomical Terms Cranial-toward the head Caudal-toward the tail Dorsal-toward the backbone Ventral-toward the belly side Lateral-toward the side Medial-toward the middle Proximal: closer to the the base of a structure Distal: farther away from a structure

External Anatomy The body is long and cylindrical: Head, neck, trunk, anterior limbs, posterior limbs, tail.

External Anatomy Head: eyes, nostrils, external ears (auriculars), mouth, whiskers. Neck: (head , trunk). Trunk: (thorax, abdomen). Ant. limbs: 4 digits Post. limbs: 5 digits

Male External Features:

Female External Features:

Diastema Mouth Cavity Cleft lib Rhinarium

Mouth Cavity

Rat Dissecting Process:

Rat Dissection REMOVING SKIN X

Rat Dissection REMOVING SKIN 

Rat Dissection REMOVING SKIN

Internal Anatomy

Rat Dissection Lesson One Digestive System

Rat Dissection ORAL CAVITY

Rat Dissection ORAL CAVITY

Rat Dissection ABDOMINAL CAVITY

Rat Dissection DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Rat Dissection DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Rat Dissection DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Rat Dissection DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Rat Dissection DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Appendix Colon Ileum Cecum Duodenum Stomach Esophagus

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Rat Dissection Lesson Two Urinogenital System

Rat Dissection EXCRETORY ORGANS

Rat Dissection UROGENITAL ORGANS

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS Rat Dissection FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS Stomach Kidney Ovary Oviduct Uterine Horn Rectum Urinary Bladder

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS Rat Dissection MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 1. Coagulating Gland 2. Urinary Bladder 3. Vas Deferens 4. Epididymis 5. Small Intestines 6. Seminal Vesicle 7. Prostate Gland 8. Penis 9. Testis 10.Scrotum

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Key words and Functions: Seminal vesicle: secrete thick liquid to transport sperms. Coagulating gland: is to secrete fluids to form the copulatory plug to help ensure fertilization. Prostate gland: secrets thin alkaline solution. Vas deferens: transportation, ejaculation. Epididymis: transportation, maturation, ejac.

Cowper’s gland: secretions may lubricate, flush out urine or form gelatinous plug. The preputial glands: produce pheromones. The preputial glands of female animals are sometimes called clitoral glands. Testis: sperm production. Penis: Copulation. Scrotum: protection.

Rat Dissection Lesson Three Circulatory System

Rat Dissection HEART

Blue is deoxygenated blood (from the body, going to the lungs) To LUNGS To BODY From BODY To LUNGS From LUNGS From LUNGS From BODY Blue is deoxygenated blood (from the body, going to the lungs) Red is oxygenated blood (from the lungs, going to the body) Arteries are thick walled Veins are thin walled

Rat Dissection THORACIC CAVITY Trachea Heart Lung Diaphragm

Rat Dissection RESPIRATORY ORGANS Esophagus Carotid Jugular

Rat Dissection HEART + LUNGS

Arterial System 

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Rat Thoracic Arteries Rat Dissection

Venous System 

Venous System 

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Rat Dissection THORACIC CAVITY http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/16labman05/lb8pg12.htm      

Rat Dissection Rat Abdominal Cavity

ABDOMINAL CIRCULATION Rat Dissection ABDOMINAL CIRCULATION 1. Abdominal Aorta 2. Renal Artery (left) 3. Renal Vein (left) 4. Inferior Vena Cava 5. Hepatic Portal Vein

Rat Dissection Lesson Four Endocrine System

Rat Dissection Lesson Five Nervous System

Organizational Levels of the Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and Spinal Cord Control and Integration Center Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Nerves from brain and spinal cord Communication lines between CNS and rest of body Motor (efferent) Division Motor Neurons Sends stimulus from CNS to muscles (and glands) Sensory (afferent) Division Body Receptors Sends stimulus from receptors to CNS Autonomic Nervous System Involuntary Control Conducts impulses from the CNS to involuntary muscles Somatic Nervous System Voluntary Control Sends stimulus from CNS to skeletal muscles Sympathetic Division Fight or Flight Mobilizes involuntary systems during emergencies Parasympathetic Division Resting and Digesting Promotes non-emergency involuntary functioning

medulla oblongata

Nervous System

Rat Dissection Lesson Six Skeletal System