Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Chapter 4 Understanding and Building Medical Terms of Body Systems Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Structure of the Human Body The basic unit of the human body is the cell (combining form: cyt/o; suffix: -cyte) Cells organize to become tissue (hist/o) Tissues become organized to form organs Organs work together to be organized into organ systems, and the human organism

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Integumentary System The integumentary system – Skin (integument/o, derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o), nails, hair, glands, and associated structures – The most external and visualized organ in the human body – The largest organ of the human body Dermatology = the study (-ology) of the skin

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Musculoskeletal System Forms the structural support of the body – 206 bones (oste/o) in the body – 646 muscles (muscul/o, my/o) in the body

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Cardiovascular System Composed of the heart (cardi/o) and its associated structures – Aorta (aort/o), arteries (arteri/o), and arterioles are the vessels that transport the oxygen-rich blood (hem/o, hemat/o) Also included with the cardiovascular system are the blood system, lymphatic system, and immune system

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Respiratory System Lungs (pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulmon/o) and structures that compose the respiratory system, enabling us to breathe (spir/o) A related set of terms refer to air (aer/o) or oxygen (ox/o), which keep our organs, tissues, and cells healthy

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Gastrointestinal System Stomach (gastr/o) and structures that assist with the digestion of nutrients and food (aliment/o) Accessory organs include the teeth (dent/i, dent/o), tongue (gloss/o, lingu/o), liver (hepat/o), pancreas (pancreat/o), and gallbladder (cholecyst/o)

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Urinary System Rids the human body of waste products that build up in the bloodstream and excretes that waste in the form of urine (ur/o, urin/o) The urinary system is composed of two kidneys (nephr/o, ren/o), two ureters (ureter/o), one bladder (cyst/o), and one urethra (urethr/o)

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Nervous System Two major divisions to the nervous system – The central nervous system, consisting of the brain (encephal/o, cerebr/o) and spinal cord – The peripheral nervous system The functional cells of this system are neurons (neur/o)

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Endocrine System The organs of the endocrine system also are very specific in the way they operate – Each hormone secreted by an endocrine organ targets a specific organ. – The same hormone will not affect any other organ within the body. The terms in this system will most often refer to specific endocrine glands

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Special Senses Organs that provide vision, hearing (audi/o), balance and upright stature, smell (olfact/o), and taste – The eye (ocul/o, ophthalm/o), ear (aur/o, ot/o), tongue, and receptors embedded in the skin

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Reproductive System Allows humans to perpetuate the species through new birth Both female and male reproductive systems This section includes terms relating to human development from fertilization, pregnancy (gravida), through birth (nat/o)

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Female Reproductive System The primary structure associated with the female reproductive tract is the ovary (oophor/o, ovari/o) Other structures are accessory organs – The uterus (hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o) – Fallopian or uterine tubes (salping/o) – The vagina (colp/o, vagin/o) – External accessory organs

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Male Reproductive System The primary structure in the male reproductive system is the testis (orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o) Other structures are accessory organs – The epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle – The prostate gland (prostat/o) – The bulbourethral or Cowper’s glands – External reproductive organs