Effective Sentence Writing

4 Types of Sentences DECLARATIVE – a statement. It always ends with a period. INTERROGATIVE – asks a question. It always ends with a question mark.

IMPERATIVE –a command or a polite request. It usually ends with a period but can also end with an exclamation mark.

EXCLAMATORY – expresses strong emotion. It always ends with an exclamation mark.

Identify the type of sentence: 1.Open your books to page 45 and begin reading. 2.How many have finished reading the assignment? 3.Raise your hands. 4.This week’s topic is the solar system. 5.I can’t wait for class to be over!

Clauses

CLAUSE – a group of words with its own subject and verb INDEPENDENT CLAUSE – A group of words that has a subject and a verb and can stand by itself as a complete sentence.

SUBORDINATE CLAUSE or DEPENDENT CLAUSE A clause that has a subject and verb but cannot stand alone as a sentence. When my brother walked into my room. After the bell rang.

SIMPLE SENTENCE – A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause. The bell rang a few minutes ago.

A simple sentence might have a compound subject, a compound verb or even a compound subject AND a compound verb! The bell rang a few minutes ago. You and I need to hurry! The skier turned too quickly and fell down the slope.

My mother and father wished me luck and drove me to the race.

COMPOUND SENTENCE – two independent clauses joined together The independent clauses may be joined together with a semi-colon (;) OR...

... with a comma (,) and a coordinating conjunction

1.I planned to go to the hockey game, but I could not get tickets. 2.Dorothy enjoys white- water rafting; she also likes kayaking. See more examples on pg. 427

INTRODUCING --- The Fabulous FANBOYS!

For And Nor But Or Yet So …also known as the “coordinating conjunctions” FANBOYS are used to join two independent clauses together

1.Some people have trouble breathing through a snorkel, but it becomes easier with practice. 2.Lessons are given in swimming pools, so the students feel safe. 3.Divers enter the water from a boat, and they go in feet first or backward. 4.It is easy to swim with the fins on, and the flutter kick helps you go faster.

COMPLEX SENTENCE –One independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses. SUBORDINATE CLAUSE – has a subject and a verb but cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence

1.After she reached the top of the cliff, she knew she had won the race! 2.She knew that it was time to leave class when her teacher dismissed them. See the examples on pages

AAAWWUBBIS

After Although As While When Until Because Before If Since SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS also known as “Comma Causers”

If a subordinate clause begins a sentence, it is followed by a comma. Watch for AAAWWUBBIS to help you recognize subordinate clauses.

1.When I feel hungry after school, I grab a snack. 2.If you study, you usually do well on tests. 3.Because it was raining, practice was cancelled. 4.While I was napping, it started to rain.

I grab a snack when I feel hungry after school. You usually do well on tests if you study. Practice was cancelled because it was raining.

Graphic Organizers Compound Sentence __________, (FANBOYS) __________ (independent clause) (independent clause) Complex Sentence (AAAWWUBBIS)____________, ____________ (dependent/subordinate clause) (independent clause)

Compound Complex Sentence AAAWWUBBIS _________, _________, FANBOYS, ________. dependent independent independent A compound complex sentence consists of a dependent or subordinate clause and a compound sentence. Example: As the hurricane approached, our family secured the outside of our home, and we purchased bottled water and other necessities.

As the hurricane approached, our family secured the outside of our home, and we purchased bottled water and other necessities. As the hurricane approached, Dependent/subordinate clause/AAAWWUBIS our family secured the outside of our home, Independent clause and we purchased bottled water and other necessities. Independent clause/FANBOYS