Jakub Lipczyk Hubert Sulich Max Noonan Preston Chonkar

 History of Judaism is told in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), which is a collection of three holy books  Judaism originated about 3800 years ago with Abraham (c B.C.)  He was hailed as the father of the Jewish people

 Abraham moved to Canaan (the Promised Land) to start a new religion  The Jews were enslaved by the Egyptian pharoah, and then rescued by Moses  Judaism prospered during the rule of several powerful kings, such as Saul, David, and Solomon  Today, there are over 13 million followers of Judaism

 Plagued by famine, many followers of Judaism migrated to Egypt, where they were enslaved  They were led to freedom by Moses (during the Exodus), who was given the Ten Commandments by God  Israel was formed as a political nation in 1400 B.C.  First Israeli king was Saul, who defeated the Ammonites (c B.C.)

 The Eastern Roman Empire passed a number of laws that restricted believing in Judaism (5 th century A.D.)  Many Jews were brutally murdered during the Crusades ( A.D.)  The Holocaust was perhaps the worst moment in the history of Judaism, when around six million Jews were killed by the Nazis ( A.D.)

 Judaism is monotheistic, meaning that Jews believe in only one almighty God  Three main denominations: Orthodox, Reform, and Conservative Judaism  Orthodox – Traditional form of Judaism  Reform – Over one and a half million Jews are members of “The Union for Reform Judaism”  Conservative – Moderate position between Orthodox and Reform, founded by Zacharias Frankel ( )

 Jewish calendar is based on three astronomical phenomena:  Rotation of the Earth about its axis  Revolution of the moon about the Earth  Revolution of the Earth about the Sun  Months are either 29 or 30 days, years are either 12 or 13 months

EnglishNumberLengthCivil Equivalent Nissan130 daysMarch-April Iyar229 daysApril-May Sivan330 daysMay-June Tammuz429 daysJune-July Av530 daysJuly-August Elul629 daysAugust-September Tishri730 daysSeptember-October Cheshvan829 or 30 daysOctober-November Kislev930 or 29 daysNovember- December Tevet1029 daysDecember-January Shevat1130 daysJanuary-February Adar I (Leap years only) 1230 daysFebruary-March Adar (called Adar Beit in leap years) 12 (13 in leap years) 29 daysFebruary-March Jewish Calendar

 Brit/Bris milah – Circumcision of child  Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year  Yom Kippur – Holiday of atonement and repentence  Channukah – Eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean Revolt  Pesach (Passover) – holiday commemorating the Israelites’ escape from Egypt

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