To be able to discuss the causes of migrations, both forced and voluntary. [Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.]

Key terminology – home learning Define these terms. Migration Immigration Emigration Voluntary migration Involuntary migration Push factors Pull factors International migration Internal migration Migration barriers Remittances Brain drain Refugee Asylum seeker Illegal immigrant Internally displaced person Economic migrant. IBDP Higher Geography Global Interactions link….. ‘examine the importance of remittances’ in economic flows. Explain the causes and effects of one major labour flow between two countries.

Migration The movement of people, involving a change of residence. It can be internal or external (international) and voluntary or forced. It does not include temporary circulations such as commuting or tourism.

Migration – identify the causes of migration and suggest positive and negative impacts

Migrant A person who (1) belongs to a normally migratory culture who may cross national boundaries, or (2) has fled his or her native country for economic reasons rather than fear of political or ethnic persecution.

Push and pull factors

Laws of migration Ravenstein - Geographer / researcher in Britain in 19 th Century. Observed movements between counties in Britain. His main laws were based around concepts of absorption and dispersion. a county of absorption took in more people than it gave up. A county of dispersion counties that on the whole gave up population over time

Ravenstein’s Laws of migration

Limitations to models of migration All the models are simplifications and they contain hidden assumptions. These assumptions can be unrealistic: that all people are free to migrate that all people have the skills, education and qualifications which allow them to move. that there are minimal barriers to migration, such as race, class, income, language and gender that distance is not a major factor in migration.

The volume of migration is inversely proportional to the distance travelled by migrants and directly proportional to the populations of the source and destination.

Lee’s push pull Perception of obstacles will depend on individual factors including age, wealth, gender, marital status