The Cardiovascular System

Introduction Transports materials to/from cells Heart is the pump that drives the CV system “cardio” = heart, “vascular” = vessels 3 Parts: Heart Blood Blood vessels

What does not belong to the cardiovascular system? What does not belong to the cardiovascular system? A. Heart A. Heart B. Lungs B. Lungs C. Blood vessels C. Blood vessels D. Blood D. Blood

Parts of the Blood 5 Liters in body 5 Liters in body Connective tissue (one of four main types we studied) Connective tissue (one of four main types we studied) 4 Parts: 4 Parts: Plasma (fluid part; contains water, minerals, proteins, sugar, nutrients) Plasma (fluid part; contains water, minerals, proteins, sugar, nutrients) Red Blood Cells Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets Platelets

When you are dehydrated (don’t have enough water in your system), which part of the blood will you replenish when you drink a gatoraid? When you are dehydrated (don’t have enough water in your system), which part of the blood will you replenish when you drink a gatoraid? What are in the blood that help you fight off infection and disease? What are in the blood that help you fight off infection and disease?

RBC Red Blood Cells Red Blood Cells Most abundant cells in the blood Most abundant cells in the blood Carry oxygen to cells (binds to hemoglobin) Carry oxygen to cells (binds to hemoglobin)

RBC Cont. Made in the bone marrow Made in the bone marrow Before released into the bloodstream, lose nucleus and organelles (why?) Before released into the bloodstream, lose nucleus and organelles (why?) Describe what would happen to you if your bone marrow stopped producing red blood cells. Describe what would happen to you if your bone marrow stopped producing red blood cells. The job of the red blood cell (RBC) is to: The job of the red blood cell (RBC) is to:

WBC White blood cells White blood cells Destroy pathogens (invaders that make you sick) Destroy pathogens (invaders that make you sick) Engulf pathogens, or make antibodies Engulf pathogens, or make antibodies

The job of white blood cells is to: A. Carry oxygen to the tissues A. Carry oxygen to the tissues B. Repair damage to the tissues B. Repair damage to the tissues C. Destroy pathogens (invaders) that may enter the body C. Destroy pathogens (invaders) that may enter the body

Platelets Pieces of large cells from the bone marrow that have broken off Pieces of large cells from the bone marrow that have broken off Last only 5-10 days Last only 5-10 days When vessels are cut, release chemicals which clump to make a plug When vessels are cut, release chemicals which clump to make a plug

The job of the platelets is to: A. Carry oxygen to the tissues A. Carry oxygen to the tissues B. Repair damage to the tissues B. Repair damage to the tissues C. Destroy pathogens (invaders) that may enter the body C. Destroy pathogens (invaders) that may enter the body

The Heart Muscular organ about the size of a closed fist Muscular organ about the size of a closed fist Center of the chest cavity Center of the chest cavity O2 poor blood to lungs (pulmonary circulation), O2 rich blood to body (systemic circulation) O2 poor blood to lungs (pulmonary circulation), O2 rich blood to body (systemic circulation) 4 chambers (LA, RA, LV, RV) 4 chambers (LA, RA, LV, RV)

Click on image above.

O2 poor blood goes to: A. The body. A. The body. B. The lungs. B. The lungs. O2 rich blood goes to: A. The body. A. The body. B. The lungs. B. The lungs.

VALVES Valves allow blood through, and prevent backflow Valves allow blood through, and prevent backflow Beating sound is caused by opening and closing of the valves Beating sound is caused by opening and closing of the valves

Blood Flow Through Heart Click on image to the left

Blood Vessels Arteries: Arteries: direct blood away from heart direct blood away from heart Thick elastic walls to withstand pressure Thick elastic walls to withstand pressure Capillaries: Capillaries: 1/10 thickness of hair 1/10 thickness of hair Smallest in body; one cell thick Smallest in body; one cell thick Connect to the cells to deliver materials Connect to the cells to deliver materials Veins Veins Blood reenters after leaving capillaries (O2 poor) Blood reenters after leaving capillaries (O2 poor) Direct blood back to heart Direct blood back to heart

These carry blood away from the heart: These carry blood away from the heart: These carry blood back to the heart: These carry blood back to the heart: These carry O2 rich blood: These carry O2 rich blood: These carry O2 poor blood: These carry O2 poor blood: These are the smallest type of blood vessels, and connect directly to the cells: These are the smallest type of blood vessels, and connect directly to the cells:

Click on image to the right

Blood Pressure Water through a hose = hose stiffens Water through a hose = hose stiffens Blood vessels same as the hose! Blood vessels same as the hose! Blood pressure = force exerted by the blood on the inside of the vessels Blood pressure = force exerted by the blood on the inside of the vessels Two numbers: systolic and diastolic Two numbers: systolic and diastolic Systolic = pressure in large arteries when ventricles contract (blood is being pumped out of the heart at high pressure) Systolic = pressure in large arteries when ventricles contract (blood is being pumped out of the heart at high pressure) Diastolic = pressure in the arteries when the ventricles relax Diastolic = pressure in the arteries when the ventricles relax

A. Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts is _______________ A. Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts is _______________ B. Pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes is ________________ B. Pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes is ________________

Diastolic blood pressure refers to: A. Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts. A. Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts. B. Pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes. B. Pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes.

Exercise and Blood Flow When you exercise, your body needs more oxygen and nutrients When you exercise, your body needs more oxygen and nutrients How does this occur? How does this occur? During exercise, some organs do not need as much oxygen as the skeletal muscles During exercise, some organs do not need as much oxygen as the skeletal muscles Less blood sent to kidneys and digestive system, so more can go to heart, lungs, brain and skeletal muscles Less blood sent to kidneys and digestive system, so more can go to heart, lungs, brain and skeletal muscles When exercise is over, blood vessels to these areas open back up and heart rate slows down When exercise is over, blood vessels to these areas open back up and heart rate slows down