Unit 9 Test Review Sub-Saharan Africa

1. What’s the difference between primary, secondary, tertiary, & quarternary economic activities?  Primary--uses natural resources directly (like farming)  Secondary—uses raw material to make something of better value  Tertiary—service industry  Quarternary—information processing

2. What is the major rainforest of Africa? On what part of the continent is it located?  The Congo  In Central Africa

3. In the Triangular Trade, where were African slaves taken?  Slaves (and their cultures) were taken primarily to North & South America & the Caribbean

4. What is the Sahel? Where is it located? Describe its climate.  Large grassland area bordering the Sahara desert  Semi-arid steppe climate (more rain than a desert)

5. Define genocide.  The systematic killing or intentional destruction of a race or ethnic group

6. Describe reasons for the fighting in Sudan.  Ethnicity, oil, & desertification  Not considered genocide because the fighting was not to kill an entire race.

7. Describe the difference between commercial farming and subsistence farming.  C—growing large amounts to be sold  S—just growing enough for your family

8. Compare the culture of North Africa to the culture of Sub- Saharan Africa.  N—Islamic, speaks Arabic, more developed  S—Many languages, ethnic groups, & religions (Christianity, animism, tribal religions)

9. Do many people move from Sub-Saharan Africa to the northern coast of Africa? Why or why not?  No, there’s a desert in between

10. What is the Great Rift Valley? Where is it located? What created it?  Canyons, volcanoes, & mountains along the east coast of Africa formed by plates colliding and then splitting apart

11. What religion is most common in North Africa? What religions are practiced in Sub-Saharan Africa?  Islam  Christianity, Animism, tribal religions

12. Do most countries in Africa speak one language or multiple languages? What is the cause of this?  Multiple languages  Lots of European cultures influenced Africa during colonization

13. What is Apartheid? How did it affect the people of South Africa?  Separation of the races in South Africa  Leftover from unequal rights and treatment by Europeans

14. What is a natural boundary? What is a man-man made boundary?  N—border made by a landform (river, lake, mountain, etc)  M-imaginary line drawn by leaders (usually a latitude/longitude line

15. What push factors are affecting Sub-Saharan Africa?  War, diseases, poverty, starvation, desertification

16. Is the climate of Sub-Saharan Africa getting more dry or wet? How is this affecting their economies?  Dry, deserts are getting bigger  Natural & desertification  Less crops, more starvation

17. What natural resources are abundant in Sub-Saharan Africa?  Gold, diamonds, oil, freshwater (in Central Africa)

18. What did Europeans think about Africa and its people before they colonized it?  Primitive, wanted them to be more like Europe

19. How do drought conditions affect a nation’s economy?  No food, must buy food from outside sources to avoid starvation or rely on aid

20. What factors affect the climate of Africa?  Wind currents, climate conditions like little rain, latitude/longitude

21. What parts of Africa have the most dense population? Least dense?  Most—West coast, SE coast  Least—North (Sahara)

22. Describe what conditions make an area a desert.  Receives less than 10 in. of rain/year

23. How can Africa increase trade and tourism across the continent?  Increase safety, make travel easier

24. What are the physical characteristics of a place? What are the cultural characteristics of a place?  Physical—landforms  Cultural—people, government, religion, economy, history

25. Are most African nations considered developed or underdeveloped?  underdeveloped

26. What is a pandemic? In what ways can Africa help fight its AIDS epidemic?  A disease that has spread across a country or continent  Education, working together

27. How have Africans adapted to living in the desert? In the rainforest?  D—irrigation  R—using plants for medicine, trees for homes

28. What is the difference between human adaptation and modification of the environment?  A—You adapt your life to fit in the environment (moving when it floods)  M—You modify the land to fit your needs (build a dam so it won’t flood)

29. What factors give a country a high standard of living?  Higher per capita GDP  Fewer health problems

30. What should a nation do to improve a low standard of living?  Improve medical opportunities