June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt Matter Effects at SPS energies What we can learn about stopping from the system size dependence of net.

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June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt Matter Effects at SPS energies What we can learn about stopping from the system size dependence of net baryon rapidity distributions. H. Ströbele, Univ. Frankfurt for the NA49 collaboration

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt Outline Motivation and perspectives The data: –Centrality selected net proton (d, 3 He) distributions from min bias Pb+Pb collisions at 40 and 158 GeV/nucleon (new NA49 data). –Net proton distributions from p+p=> p + X at 158 GeV/c as reference (new NA49 data). –Some AGS and RHIC data for comparison Resume

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt Motivation (I) Stopping in A+A versus p+p –Mean rapidity shift of incident nucleons –inelasticity (K) a measure of energy loss –shape change of dn/dy of net nucleons K= E inel /(sqrt(s)/2 - m p ) Central data NA49 preliminary p+p (new) C. Blume 2008

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt Motivation (II) Freeze-out points in the T- μ B plane at different energies and for different system sizes (NA61 strategy, but here for centrality selected Pb+Pb collisions and only two energies). NA49 NA61 planned No centrality dependence of μ B predicted by SHM, Becattini, Manninen, Gazdzicki. hep-ph/

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt Perspective Hydrodynamics predicts focusing of the system trajectories close to the critical point, which may be observed by studying T and μ B as function of system size (or centrality). Nonaka, Asakawa, nucl-th/

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) data dn/dy of net protons in Pb+Pb at different centralities preliminary 158 GeV/nucleon 40 GeV/nucleon beam

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) data dn/dy of net protons, d, and 3He in central Pb+Pb at 158 and 40 GeV/nucleon preliminary Mapping of configuration space on rapidity?

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt Comparison to AGS (Back et al., PRL86(2001)1970) preliminary AGS data (Au+Au) NA49 data (40 GeV/nucleon Pb+Pb) No midrapidity plateau at 40 GeV/nucleon?

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt Comparison to transport models (normalized, 158 GeV/nucleon data) HSD UrQMD no model comparison yet available at 40 GeV/nucleon

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt p+p collision data 12, 24 GeV/c, 158 GeV/c (new!), and RHIC data Dalsgaard, QM09 NA49, arXiv:hep-ex/ Blobel et al., NPB69,454 midrapidity y lab

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt p+p collision data backward forward hemisphere NA49, arXiv:hep-ex/ midrapidities Scaling for 1 < y lab < 2 and structure in dn/dx dn/dx F dn/dy

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt Comparison to transport models (158 GeV/c p+p data) NA49, arXiv:hep-ex/ Significant differences in the region, where the energy loss per unit of rapidity is highest. Homework for the model experts.

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt p+p collision data neutrons (-antiprotons) dn/dy (computed) dn/dx F NA49, arXiv:hep-ex/

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) Pb+Pb data normalized to N w and comparison to NN 40 GeV/nucleon 158 GeV/nucleon Watch the right side, when I switch centrality calc.

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) Pb+Pb data normalized to N w and comparison to NN 40 GeV/nucleon 158 GeV/nucleon Watch the right side, when I switch centrality

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) Pb+Pb data normalized to N w and comparison to NN 40 GeV/nucleon 158 GeV/nucleon Watch the right side, when I switch centrality

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) Pb+Pb data normalized to N w and comparison to NN 40 GeV/nucleon 158 GeV/nucleon Watch the right side, when I switch centrality

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) Pb+Pb data normalized to N w and comparison to NN 40 GeV/nucleon 158 GeV/nucleon Watch the right side, when I switch centrality

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) Pb+Pb data normalized to N w and comparison to NN Little or no change in shape with centrality in the acceptance. Only the integral varies, as does number of wounded nucleons.

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) Pb+Pb data normalized to N w and comparison to NN 40 GeV/nucleon 158 GeV/nucleon Watch the left side, when I switch centrality

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) Pb+Pb data normalized to N w and comparison to NN 40 GeV/nucleon 158 GeV/nucleon Watch the left side, when I switch centrality

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) Pb+Pb data normalized to N w and comparison to NN 40 GeV/nucleon 158 GeV/nucleon Watch the left side, when I switch centrality

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) Pb+Pb data normalized to N w and comparison to NN 40 GeV/nucleon 158 GeV/nucleon Watch the left side, when I switch centrality

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) Pb+Pb data normalized to N w and comparison to NN 40 GeV/nucleon 158 GeV/nucleon Watch the left side, when I switch centrality

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) Pb+Pb data normalized to N w and comparison to NN Little or no change in shape with centrality above y lab ~ 1.6 corresponding to x F > 0.4. Constant “peak” position? 40 GeV/nucleon

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt Characteristics of stopping (in A+A) It is important to include neutrons when studying stopping in A+A and p+p collisions. Is coalescence at the origin of light fragments? (40AGeV) Hyperbolic scaling for |x F | < 0.4, thus a y-range around midrapidity which increases with beam energy. Tentative interpretation: –Nucleons in this range have undergone a violent interaction (in N+N and in A+A collisions). –Only one violent interaction of each nucleon in A+A collisions! –Secondary collisions change the shape of dn/dx distributions only in the range |x F | > 0.4

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt Thank You

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt Backup slides There are three regions relevant for stopping: – diffractive regime for x F > x Fdif (E beam ) –standard energy loss x Fstandard < x F < x Fdif – central scaling |x F |< 0.4 (60% energy loss caused by violent interactions).

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt p+p collision data on hyperons (Lambdas) Y cm dn/dy

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) data Extrapolation into unmeasured region by means of charge and baryon number conservation preliminary

June 2009 H. Ströbele, Uni. Frankfurt The (new NA49) data preliminary Normalised to 1 at midrapidity and scaled preliminary