Learning Target I can identify and describe Absolute Monarchs Opening: Read the “Political Systems” Page 153. Answer critical Thinking #1 Key Vocabulary: Absolute Monarch Divine Right Absolutism

Which form of Government is best? Monarchy-rule by a king (one person) Aristocracy/Oligarchy-rule by a few powerful people. Democracy- rule by many (elected officials usually chosen by the people Which type is fairest? Which would defend a country from attack?

Modern Examples Monarchy- One person rule- dictatorship/ totalitarian- Democracy-

Absolutism: Absolute Rule! Cannot be challenged Believed they ruled with DIVINE RIGHT – Power granted and protected by God – Could not be challenged. – An Absolute Monarch was a King that ruled Absolutely.

How many absolute monarchs are there today?

Level of govt. control

Sec. 1-Spain Charles V, Philip II Sec. 2 –France Henry IV, Louis XIV, Sec. 3-England James I, Charles I Sec. 4-Austria Ferdinand, Maria Theresa, Prussia Frederick William I. Sec. 5 Russia-Peter the Great, Catherine the Great WHAT MADE THESE PEOPLE ABSOLUTE MONARCHS? Exit Which Monarch you researched today do you think was the best example of an absolute Monarch? Give 3 examples!

Where did Absolute Monarchs come from? The political structures of feudalism began to dissolve in the 1400s and 1500s. The unity that the Catholic Church had formerly provided was weakened by the events of the Reformation. Europeans began to look for another source of political authority, and some nations found it in increasingly powerful monarchs. Others, however, rejected this course. During the English Civil War, the English people and Parliament successfully limited the power of the English monarchy.

Absolute Monarchs in Europe decline of feudalism rise of cities and growth of middle class growth of national kingdoms loss of Church authority Long-Term Causes

Absolute Monarchs in Europe religious and territorial conflicts buildup of armies need for increased taxes revolts by peasants or nobles Immediate Causes

Absolute Monarchs in Europe regulation of religion and society larger courts huge building projects new government bureaucracies loss of power by nobility and legislatures Immediate Effects

Absolute Monarchs of Spain Charles I (Hapsburg Family) Charles V – Also appointed Holy Roman Emperor – Declared wars against Protestants Peace of Augsburg – Claimed territory in Americas Cortes & Pizarro Philip II (Son of Charles V) – Advances in art (El Greco) and literature (Cervantes) – Spain grew wealthy due to income of gold from Americas – Fought England to redeem Catholic Church and to stop British ships from raiding Spanish ones Spanish Armada went to attack England – 20,000 soldiers with invincible reputation – English attack in English Channel and “Protestant Winds” defeated Spanish – Economy fell; Spain weakened while other European nations grew

Spanish Armada Queen Elizabeth of England

What do you see happening in the picture? Look at the sky. The water…

Louis XIV The SUN King Power Prosperity Glory L’etat, c’est moi. (I am the state) The SUN is my symbol because the world revolves around me!

Palace of Versailles Showed wealth and beauty Kept nobles close, under control Living at the Palace of Versailles was full of rituals from dressing to feeding to obeying King Louis XIV. His control at the palace showed his control of the nation of France.

Palace of Versailles Virtual Tour

Mistakes of King Louis XIV Revoked Edict of Nantes Lived too lavishly and wasted $$ Ran nation into debt Got France involved in wars Wars to regain territory War of Spanish Succession War in Americas Treaty of Utrecht ended wars, left France with losses

Decreasing Monarchs in England Henry VIII of Tudor dynasty ruled as absolute monarch Henry abolished Catholic Church’s power in England and established Anglican Church Mary (Bloody Mary) took over throne and reverted to Catholicism Elizabeth I gained power after Mary’s death and reset Protestantism Elizabeth I Established good relations with Parliament James I of Stuart family took throne after Elizabeth’s 45 year rule

Problems in England James I tried to rule as absolute monarch with divine right Considered an outsider since he was from Scotland Did not manage funds properly Could not get along with Parliament Puritans pushed for “purification” of the Anglican church-James refused James did publish English translation of the Bible – the King James version Charles I forced to sign Petition of Right by Parliament to limit king’s power to tax Conflict between Parliament and king

Leaders of Russia Czar Ivan The Terrible ___ Made many reforms Reduced power of boyars (landowners) Expanded territory Became violent, killing many (including son) Seized land of boyars Peter The Great + Extended territory of Russia Westernization of Russia to catch up to Europe Modernized army Brought church under state control Modernized industries Encouraged education and started newspapers Conquered St. Petersburg as warm-water port Catherine The Great + Promoted education, art and trade Reformed legal system Reorganized government & distributed power after rebellion Reduced taxes

Central European Monarchs Thirty Years War – Religious dispute that challenged the borders of European peoples for 3 decades – Treaty of Westphalia ended war and allowed religious toleration Reduced power of church Increased power of Austria and Prussia Austria and Prussia fought for control – War of the Austrian Succession between Maria Theresa and Frederick II of Prussia – By 1763 as opposing sides in Seven Years War, Prussia emerged as military leader