Warm Up  Define the following terms:  Abiotic  Community  Ecosystem  Population  Biosphere  Ecosystem  Ecology  What are the levels of organization in the environment?

Warm UP 1. Capable of sexual reproduction a. Animalia 2. Capable of asexual reproductionb. Plantae 3. Multi-cellular organismsc. Fungi 4. Single-celled organismsd. Protist 5. Prokaryotic cellse. Eubacteria 6. Capable of movement with f. Archaebacteria Flagella, cilia, or pseudopods 7. Capable of photosynthesis 8. Includes organisms such as mushrooms, 8. Includes organisms such as mushrooms, yeast, mold, etc.

Ecology Ecosystems Support Life McDougal Littell

Living Things Depend On The Environment  The natural world that surrounds all living things is called the environment.  The environment includes both living and nonliving things.  Example: Your environment includes all the things in your house, your school, even your neighborhood. Air, water, other people, your room are all examples of things in your environment.

Living Things Depend On The Environment 1. Ecology-is the scientific study of how organisms interact with their environment and all the other organisms that live in that environment. 2. Ecosystem- a particular environment and all the living things that are supported by it.

Ecosystems Support Life  An ecosystem includes both biotic factors, or living parts, and abiotic factors, or nonliving parts. 3. Biotic factors include:  Plants  Animals  Other organisms

Ecosystems Support Life 4. Abiotic factors include both physical and chemical parts of an ecosystem.  Air  Water  Temperature  Light  Soil  Chemical abiotic factors: minerals and compounds found in soil

Temperature 5. Temperature affects the types of plants that will do well there. The types of plants available for food and shelter in turn determine the types of animals live there  Tropical Rain Forest has a lot of rain but it consistently warm temperature.  The wide variety of plants supports a wide variety of animals

Temperature  Animals are sensitive to temperature  Musk oxen have a thick coat of fur to survive in cold environments  Water buffalo, with a light coat is better suited to warm temperatures.

Light 5. Sunlight warms the Earth’s surface and atmosphere.  Energy from the sunlight supports all life on Earth.  The strength of the sunlight and the amount determine the types of plants in that ecosystem.  Cacti survive where the sunlight is very strong.  Mosses and ferns grow on the forest floor where sun is scarce.

Light  Light is a factor in ocean ecosystmes as well.  The deeper the water is, the less light is available.  In shallow water near the shore, photosynthetic organisms can survive at the surface and on the ocean floor.

Soil 5. Soil is a mixture of small rock and mineral particles.  Organisms within the soil break down the remains of dead plants and animals.  This process of decay provides important raw materials to the living plants and animals of an ecosystem.

Soil  Different ecosystems have different types of soil.  The characteristics of soil in an ecosystems affect plant growth.  Soils have a lot of decaying, or organic matter can hold water well and allow air to reach the plant roots.  Sand and Clay  Minerals in the soil also affect plant growth.

Water 5. Water supports life.  All living things need water to carry out life processes.  Plants need water and sunlight for photosynthesis.  Animals need water to digest food and release energy stored in food.  The types and number of living things in a land ecosystem will always be related to the amount of fresh water available for its inhabitants.

Organization in the Environment

Organisms Occupy Specific Living Areas  Scientists group living things according to their shared characteristics.  The smallest grouping is the species because they can produce offspring that can also produce offspring.

Organism  A single individual animal, plant, fungus, or other living thing.  An organism plays a part in each level; ---Cell,Tissue,Organ,Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome.

Population  A population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area.  In the study of ecology, members of the same species that live in different areas belong to different populations.

Organisms Occupy The Same Living Areas  A biological population can be a group of animals, plants, bacteria, fungi or any other living thing.  Populations of many different species will be found living in the same area.

Habitats and Niches  Habitat-the physical location where plants and animals live.  Different habitats have different characteristics.

Habitats and Niches  The characteristics of a habitat determine the species of plants that can grow there.  The species of plants found in a habitat, in turn, determine the species of animals and other organisms that will do well there.

Habitat and Niche  Different populations within a habitat interact. -For example, in the Galápagos Island the cacti capture the Sun’s energy and store fresh water. They also provide food for the iguana, who eats the cactus leaves. The cactus is a producer and the iguana is a primary consumer.  The crabs of the Galápagos are secondary consumers that feed on other shellfish. 2C. Each of these organisms has a role to play in the habitat, a role which is referred to as its niche (nihch).

Community  A community is made up of the living components of the ecosystem.  In a community, different plants, animals, and other organisms interact with each other.

Ecosystem  Ecosystem Within each biome are many ecosystems.  Inside an ecosystem, living and nonliving factors interact to form a stable system.  An ecosystem is smaller than a biome and includes only organisms and their local environment.

Biome  Describes the climate and types of plants that are found in similar places around the world.

Levels of the World  The environment can be organized into five levels the following five levels:  Biome  Ecosystem  Community  Population  Organism