Students Can Read Write Spell Memorize Analyze Critique Students are Motivated Polite Charitable Organized Cooperative Skills a teacher SHOULD be responsible for Skills a teacher should NOT be responsible for

School Reform I.Explain the problem education reformers faced Schools were not supported by taxes Children were not required to attend Industrialization  a lower literacy rate, inc poverty, inc crime Plantation owners considered education a protected privilege of the elite

School Reform II. Who were the reformers Horace Mann Fought for better school houses Longer school terms Higher pay for teachers Expanded curriculum III. What did the reformers propose as a solution? Normal Schools = state sponsored public schools Minimum 6 months Teach manners to lessen crime Teach literacy to lessen poverty

Prison Reform I.Explain the problem prison reformers faced First time offenders, hardened criminals, men, women, sane, and insane were placed in the same facilities Did not address the causes of crime Conditions were inhumane

Prison Reform II. Who were the reformers Dorothea Dix Fought to secure rights for the mentally insane Mentally insane treated in hospital NOT imprisoned w/hardened criminals III. What did the reformers propose as a solution? Separate facilities for sane and insane Penitentiary System for sane - confined to silence to reflect on their sins Mental Hospitals for insane = treatment

Eastern State Penitentiary “The world’s first ‘true’ penitentiary”

Eastern State Penitentiary “Can there be a combination more powerful for the reformation than that of a prison which hands over the prisoner to all trials of solitude…through religion to hope?” – Alexis de Tocqueville (after his visit to Eastern State Penitentiary)

LABOR (in order to reform)

Temperance I.Explain the problem temperance reformers faced Alcohol  crime and poverty Alcohol  domestic abuse and child neglect Alcohol  dangerous working conditions

Temperance II. Who were the reformers Neal S. Dow - “Father of Prohibition” “Napoleon of Temperance” Movement to moderate/ban alcohol consumption & production American Temperance Society III. What did the reformers propose as a solution? Prohibition – To make alcohol illegal Temperance – To promote moderation

By what reasoning is violence related to alcohol consumption? What position on the temperance debate do you think the cartoonist holds?

What is happening in this cartoon? What symbols does the cartoonist use to make a statement about drinking? Detect points of view: How do you think the cartoonist feels about the temperance movement? Explain. Evaluate: Do you think this cartoon accurately depicts the issues surrounding alcohol use during the 1800s? Explains.

Utopian Community/Society I. What is a “Utopia?” Perfect/ideal society Reorganize society  become ‘perfect’ Originally religiously focused (purity) Over time, came to reflect ‘social perfectibility’ II. Who were the reformers? Robert Owen Political & economic equality Utopian Societies advocated… Individualism, self-reliance, & optimism Promoted a disregard for external authority & greater brotherly cooperation