1. Temperance Movement Frances Willard The Beecher Family American Temperance Society “Demon Rum”! R1-6

Annual Consumption of Alcohol

The Drunkard’s Progress From the first glass to the grave, 1846

2. Social Reform  Prostitution The “Fallen Woman” Sarah Ingraham ( ) e1835  Advocate of Moral Reform eFemale Moral Reform Society focused on the “Johns” & pimps, not the girls. R2-1

3. The Anti-Masonic Movement FreemasonsAnti-Masons eindividual belief in God einternational brotherhood emiddle- and upper-class appeal eelitist and secret eun-American & un-democratic eanti-republicanism

View of a Mason Taking His First Oath

The Morgan Affair William Morgan ( )

The Decline of Anti-Masonry 1828  they supported J. Q. Adams and not Andrew Jackson  hosted their political convention in Baltimore  ran William Wirt for President. Their pol. strength  New England & New York Why? By mid-1830s their influence declined. Long-Term Influence: 1. Pol. convention instead of caucuses. 2. Introduced the party platform. 3. Brought lower- and lower-middle class into the political process.

4. Educational Reform Religious Training  Secular Education  MA  always on the forefront of public educational reform * 1 st state to establish tax support for local public schools.  By 1860 every state offered free public education to whites. * US had one of the highest literacy rates.

“Father of American Education” Horace Mann ( )  children were clay in the hands of teachers and school officials  children should be “molded” into a state of perfection  discouraged corporal punishment  established state teacher- training programs R3-6

5. Penitentiary Reform Dorothea Dix ( ) 1821  first penitentiary founded in Auburn, NY R1-5/7

The McGuffey Eclectic Readers  Used religious parables to teach “American values.”  Teach middle class morality and respect for order.  Teach “3 Rs” + “Protestant ethic” (frugality, hard work, sobriety) R3-8

Women Educators e Troy, NY Female Seminary e curriculum: math, physics, history, geography. e train female teachers Emma Willard ( ) Mary Lyons ( ) e 1837  she established Mt. Holyoke [So. Hadley, MA] as the first college for women.