Analyze a primary source document. - Describe the problems facing government and the solutions attempted during the late 19 th Century Analyze a primary source document. - Describe the problems facing government and the solutions attempted during the late 19 th Century.
Patronage Or the Spoils System! Giving jobs in return for political support or favors
Sample Civil Service Exam Question Test yourself with grammar and vocabulary questions similar to the questions you‘d find on an early civil service test. Add apostrophes where they're needed in the following: 1. Tennessee Williams play 2. Two cents worth 3. Three days wait 4. Its a shame. 5. A pennys worth 6. Whose car is it? 7. The change was OKd. 8. Dos and donts 9. Others dreams 10. The company and its employees Answers: 1.Williams' or Williams's 2.cents‘ 3.days‘ 4.It's 5.penny's 6.Whose (no apostrophe needed) 7.OK'd 8. do's and don'ts 9. others' 10. its (no apostrophe needed)
The Limits of Government: 1.Size of Federal Government receded after Reconstruction. receded after Reconstruction. 2.Resurgence of localism and “laissez-faire” politics. “laissez-faire” politics. 3.Weak presidency Andrew JohnsonAndrew Johnson Ulysses GrantUlysses Grant Presidents Hayes,Presidents Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland & Harrison Cleveland & Harrison took few initiatives. took few initiatives.
4. The Inefficient Congress: 1871–1901 Corruption and waste Corruption and waste was very common. was very common. Procedural rules Procedural rules such as requiring a such as requiring a quorum to vote quorum to vote slowed the business slowed the business of Congress. of Congress. The Limits of Government:
5.F ederal Bureaucracy and the “Spoils System” – (patronage). - Awarding jobs based on political support or favors. 6.I nconsistent State Government - State gov’t. was laissez- faire, it did little. The exception was Minnesota & Massachusetts (tired some regulatory efforts in bus- iness). The Limits of Government:
Issues Facing U.S. Government: 1.Civil Service Reform (Mugwumps) President Hayes favored reform,President Hayes favored reform, fired Chester Arthur who held a fired Chester Arthur who held a patronage job, but later ran as V.P. with Pres. Garfield in V.P. with Pres. Garfield in In 1881 Charles Guiteau assassin-In 1881 Charles Guiteau assassin- ated Garfield resulting in ated Garfield resulting in Arthur becoming president. Arthur becoming president. President Arthur shocked every-President Arthur shocked every- one by signing the Pendleton one by signing the PendletonPendleton Civil Service Act in Civil Service Act in 1883.Civil Service Act Civil Service Act Charles Guiteau: I Am a Stalwart and Arthur is President now! A Stalwart was an anti-civil service reform Republican!
2.The Tariff (tax on imports) - Republican candidate James Blaine (1884) favored high tariffs, - Republican candidate James Blaine (1884) favored high tariffs, Democrat Grover Cleveland tried to reduce tariffs. Democrat Grover Cleveland tried to reduce tariffs. - When Republican President Harrison defeated Cleveland in - When Republican President Harrison defeated Cleveland in 1888, he signed the McKinley Tariff Act (1890) which raised 1888, he signed the McKinley Tariff Act (1890) which raised tariffs to their highest level in history. tariffs to their highest level in history. 3.The Beginnings of Federal Regulation in Business - Interstate Commerce Act and the Wabash Case Interstate Commerce Act and the Wabash Case Sherman Anti-trust Act – Sherman Anti-trust Act – T he Money Question - sound money policy – back the dollar only by gold, causing “deflation”. (bankers, business leaders favored this) - inflationary money policy - back the dollar with gold AND silver, causing “inflation”. (farmers favored this) Issues Facing U.S. Government:
Inflation vs. Deflation InflationDeflation M = Amount of money in circulation V = Value of money (purchasing power) P = Prices of goods
4. The Money Question - sound money policy – back the dollar only by gold, causing - sound money policy – back the dollar only by gold, causing “deflation”. (bankers, business) “deflation”. (bankers, business) - inflationary money policy - back the dollar with - inflationary money policy - back the dollar with gold AND silver, causing “inflation”. (farmers) gold AND silver, causing “inflation”. (farmers) - legislation passed causing the government to buy silver – Bland-Allison Act - legislation passed causing the government to buy silver – Bland-Allison Act - Sherman Silver Purchase Act Issues Facing U.S. Government: