Eisenhower Era Election - V.P. = Richard Nixon Modern Republicanism: - fiscal conservatives - moderate of domestic issues - acceptance of “New Deal” programs and “Fair Deal” attempts. and “Fair Deal” attempts.

Domestic Advancements 10 million more citizens into Social Security. 10 million more citizens into Social Security. Minimum wage is increased. Minimum wage is increased. Public Housing was extended. (low income) Public Housing was extended. (low income) Created the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW). Created the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW). Directed by Oveta Culp Hobby (first woman in a republican presidents cabinet. Directed by Oveta Culp Hobby (first woman in a republican presidents cabinet.

Republican = small fed. Big state Opposed the ideas of a federal health care insurance system. Opposed the ideas of a federal health care insurance system. Opposed federal aid to education. Opposed federal aid to education. (local schools) (local schools)

Highway System and Consumerism 1956 – Highway Act 1956 – Highway Act 42,000 miles of interstate highway 42,000 miles of interstate highway Eisenhower Prosperity – Consumerism, Eisenhower Prosperity – Consumerism, per-capita income, twice the real-income of the 1920s.

1956 Election Eisenhower suffered a heart attack Eisenhower suffered a heart attack in 1955 and had surgery in in 1955 and had surgery in Democrats questioned his health. Democrats questioned his health. Adlai Stevenson Adlai Stevenson Republicans enthusiastically renominated Republicans enthusiastically renominated Ike and Nixon. Ike wins by greater margin than he did in Ike wins by greater margin than he did in Democrats retained both houses of Congress. Democrats retained both houses of Congress.

Dulles Diplomacy Secretary of State Secretary of State John Foster Dulles John Foster Dulles Critical of Truman’s containment policy as “too passive.” Critical of Truman’s containment policy as “too passive.” Called for a “New Look” at challenging the Soviet Union and the Republic of China. Called for a “New Look” at challenging the Soviet Union and the Republic of China. Many feared Dulles “brinkmanship” Many feared Dulles “brinkmanship”

Massive Retaliation Armsrace Armsrace 1953 – U.S. hydrogen bomb – U.S. hydrogen bomb – Soviet hydrogen bomb – Soviet hydrogen bomb. Third World Unrest Third World Unrest 1947 – 1962 dozens of colonies in Asia and Africa gained their independence – 1962 dozens of colonies in Asia and Africa gained their independence. India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Ghana, many followed. India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Ghana, many followed.

Fall of Indochina Korean Armistice in 1953 Korean Armistice in 1953 French asked Eisenhower for assistance. French asked Eisenhower for assistance. Ho Chi Minh – Communist Leader Ho Chi Minh – Communist Leader Dien Bien Phu – 1954, Large French army was trapped and forced to surrender. Dien Bien Phu – 1954, Large French army was trapped and forced to surrender – Geneva Conference – France agrees to give up Indochina 1954 – Geneva Conference – France agrees to give up Indochina Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos

Vietnam Divisions 17 th Parallel divides north and south 17 th Parallel divides north and south North Vietnam – Ho Chi Minh – Communist North Vietnam – Ho Chi Minh – Communist South Vietnam – Ngo Dinh Diem – anticommunist, Catholic, urban Vietnamese many of whom had fled from Communist rule in the North South Vietnam – Ngo Dinh Diem – anticommunist, Catholic, urban Vietnamese many of whom had fled from Communist rule in the North