- Area that drains into a body of water - Provides habitat, drinking water, irrigation, etc - Water carries sediment, nutrients, chemicals, etc - Problems are often from upstream Includes: Rivers/streams, Lakes, Wetlands, Aquifers Divided into watersheds

Big Sioux Watershed

Missouri River Watershed

Missouri River Lake Oahe Lake Sharp Lake Francis Case Lewis and Clark Lake

Rivers and Streams “East Rivers” Big Sioux Vermilion James

“West Rivers” White Grand Cheyenne Moreau Bad

Run Riffle Pool Rivers and Streams - smooth flowing section of a river - rough part of river sometimes known as rapids - standing section of water usually at a bend in a river

Run

Riffle

Pool

Small streams Located in heavily wooded areas CPOM – Course Particulate Organic Matter –leaves, trees, etc –The “cracker” Bacteria –The “peanut butter” “Shredders” First Order Stream

Shredders – feed on leaf litter (cracker) –G–Get nutrients from bacterial film (peanut butter) Collectors –g–grab things from the water as it floats by Grazers –F–Feed on algae Predators –F–Feed on other invertebrates SPECIES Invertebrates

Birds SPECIES Vertebrates

Fish SPECIES Vertebrates

SPECIES Vertebrates

An area where sand and sediments have built up Usually located along river edges –Submerged –Above surface Valuable nesting area Constantly changing with river –floods Sand Bars

Pallid Sturgeon SPECIES Endangered

Least tern SPECIES Endangered

Piping plover SPECIES Endangered

Low head dams

Hoover Dam

Wildlife corridor Fish Ladder