-ing as the Adverbial 1) 时间状语 Will, still watching, saw the cat behave curiously.

Putting down his shopping bag, Will held out his hand. While walking slowly on the street, Tom met one of his old friends.

2) 结果状语 Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.

3) 伴随状语 All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.

4) 原因状语 Being sick, I stayed at home. Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her. 注 : 分词与主句主语是主谓关系 ; 副 词放在分词之前。

5) 作方式状语 But later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks.

6) 作条件状语 Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the Post Office right before you. Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.

7) 作补充说明 The plane leaves at six, arriving in Chicago at ten. (= …and will arrive in Chicago.)

The visitor expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. (= …and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.)

动词－ ing 形式的独立主格结构 现在分词的独立主格结构实际上是指逻 辑主语的现在分词结构，该结构在句中 可以作时间状语﹑条件状语﹑原因状 语﹑伴随状语等，其逻辑主语前边也可以 加上 with ，其中现在分词仍然表示正在 进行的动作或主动的动作。

1) The baby fell from the cradle, blood coming down from his leg. 独立主格结构作状语，表示结果。 2) With his lips still trembling, he couldn’t say a word. 独立主格结构作状语，表示原因。

3) The policemen made their way into the forest with a hunter leading the way. 独立主格结构作状语，表示伴随。 4) With the first ray of the rising sun coming, they set out from the farm. 独立主格结构作状语，表示时间。

-ing 变化形式 (doing/having done) 1) 动词 -ing 形式的一般式表示动作与谓 语动词同时发生﹑几乎同时发生或在 谓语动词前发生。

e.g. Working hard, you will succeed in the experiment. Hearing the news, she burst into tears.

2) 动词 -ing 形式的完成式表示动作先于谓 语动词发生。 e.g. Having lived there for dozens of years, he knows the city well. Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

-ing 变化形式 (being done/ having been done) 动词 -ing 形式的被动式表示动作对于逻辑 主语而言在意义上式被动的。 I’d like to have a look at the animal being operated on.

在表示一个被动动作时, 如果这个动 作在进行, 或是与谓语表示的动作同 时发生, 我们可以用现在分词的被动 形式。

e.g. The bridge being built now will be completed in the three months. This is one of the experiments being carried on in our lab.

在表示一个被动动作时, 如果这个动 作发生于谓语之前, 我们可以用 having been done 形式。也可以被过 去分词代替。

e.g. Having been shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium. = Shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium.

Rewrite the sentences using the – ing form of the underlined verbs. Example: The cat stepped forward and climbed through the patch in the air. Stepping forward, the cat climbed through the patch in the air.

2. The man shouted angrily and waved his sword at the stranger. Shouting angrily, the man waved his sword at the atranger. 1.The witch leapt into the air and vanished. Leaping into the air, the witch vanished.

3. She picked up the cat and rubbed its head affectionately. Picking up the cat, she rubbed its head affectionately.

4. The bear came out of the bushed, showed its teeth and made a loud noise. Showing its teeth and making a loud noise, the bear came out of the bushed.

Complete the passage. Last weekend I walked into our local bookshop, (1) ____________ to find a copy of Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials. All my friends (2) _____ read it and I wanted to know (3) _____ people liked it so much. hoping/trying had why

I bought all three books and hurried out of the shop, pleased that I had found it (4) ___ easily. (5) _______________ a No. 88 bus coming along the road, I decided to take it, (6) _____________ it was quite a long walk home. so Seeing/ Noticing for/as/ because

(7) ______________ on the bus, I was surprised to see an old friend of (8) ______. We started talking and I (9) ________realized that we had arrived at my stop. (10) ________up, I cried, “Please wait! This is my stop!” Sitting/ Riding mine suddenly Jumping

I (11) ______ off the bus in time and smiled happily. Then, suddenly (12) ____________________________ I had left my books behind on the bus, I (13) _______, “Stop, please!” But it was (14) ____ late. The bus had gone away, (15) _______________ my books with it. got realizing/discovering/finding shouted too taking/ carrying

Match the two parts of the sentences. 1.Leaping into the air, 2. Shouting angrily, 3. The boy walked through the silent streets, (b) the man waved his sword at the stranger. (d) listening for the sound of human voices. (e) the witch vanished.

4. Picking up the knife, 5. The bear came out of the buses, (a)making a loud noise and showing its teeth. (c) he boy looked at it carefully.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. 1. On _____ her, the king immediately falls in love with her. 2. He marries her, not ________ who she really is. think know sit see leave seeing knowing

3. Before ______ his kingdom, he calls his son to him. 4. After ________ about the situation, he decides to kill the witch himself. 5. While _______ by a pool, Ferdinand sees a frog. leaving thinking sitting

Example: When he returns to the palace, the king marries the woman. On returning to the palace, the king marries the woman. Rewrite the sentences with –ing form of the verbs.

1. When he saw the witch, the boy ran away. On _______________, _______________. 2. Before he stars the war, the king speaks to the prince. Before _________________, _____________________________. seeing the witchthe boy ran away starting in the war the king speaks to the prince

3. While he was fighting in the war, the prince learnt many things. While ________________, __________________________. 4. After he had spoken to his son, the king went to war. On __________________, _____________________. fighting in the war the prince learnt many things speaking to his son the king went to war

5. Because he doesn’t know what to do, Ferdinand follows the frog’s advice. Not ___________________, ________________________________. knowing what to do Ferdinand follows the frog’s advice

1. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ____ that he could do nothing to help. A. to realize B. realized C. realizing D. being realized

2. Do you wake up every morning ____ energetic and ready to start a new day? A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 3. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ____ a life span of around 20 years. A. having B. had C. have D. to have

4. ____ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering 5. More highways have been built in China, ____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A. making B. made C. to make D. having made

6. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, ____ on your feet. A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept

Do exercises 1-5 on page 97.