 The mole unit o What is 1 mole of Na ? Units? Are we using grams for mass ? or Kg? or lb? Then we call the mole by the mass we use o What is the mass of lbmole of H 2 SO 4 ? 98 lb H 2 SO 4 = Kg o How many gms in 6 gmoles of H 3 PO 4 ? How many moles of H are available? Of P ? of O ?

 100 gmoles of O 2 = gms = lbmoles O 2 = 438 g H 3 PO 4 = 18 gmol H = 24 gmol O

Density, Specific gravity, sp. Volume, mole fraction, mass fraction, volume fraction  = mass/unit vol sp volume= 1/  = in units ?  it is volume/unit mass ( vol of one unit of mass of material. sp. gravity = density A / density ref Does  change with Temp? YES

 We need to specify the temp used for A and for the reference. Example sp. gr = o What does this mean ? 4 o

In the Petroleum Industry sp gr is measured in o API o API = sp gr 60 o 60 o EXAMPLE (mass fr., mole fr and Average MWt ) What is the avg MWt of a gas mixture that contains: Mass, Kg H 2 3 CH 4 8 C 2 H 4 56 Total 67

In the Petroleum Industry sp gr is measured in o API o API = sp gr 60 o 60 o EXAMPLE (mass fr., mole fr and Average MWt) What is the avg MWt of a gas mixture that contains: Mass, Kg H 2 3 CH 4 8 C 2 H 4 56 Total 67

Average Molecular weight = 67 Kg 4 Kgmol = kg/kgmol DO YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ?

 Concentrations of solutions, mass/unit vol, PPM, molar, molal, etc  Concentration is : Qty of solute per specified amount of solvent or solution How do we specify concentration? 1.Mass of solute per unit volume solution For example 0.10 kgNaCl/L soln.

2. Moles of solute per unit volume solution.For example : 0.10 kgmolNaCl/L soln 3. Molarity (mol solute/L soln) 4. Molality (mol solute/Kg solvent) 5. For dilute soln : we use PPM (parts per million).

Q1: 700 mg salt /m 3 water is PPM 0.7 PPM. Note: total mass of solution = 1000 kg+ 700 mg  1000 kg

FLOW RATES How do we measure the flow rate of liquid in the pipe ? L/s (Volumetric flow rate) Kg/s (Mass flow rate) How do we change from one to the other? We use the density

How do we calc the velocity ? Q = A. v Example: 40% NaCl soln is flowing at 10L/min in a pipe. If the sp gr of the soln is 1.4, then  calculate the concentration of NaCl in Kg/L  calculate the flow rate of soln in kgmol soln/min

0.56