Tuesday Turn in Ch.2 Worksheet (marked on syllabus) 4 th period class tray. Minus 10 pts everyday it’s late! Ancient Near East P.P. TAKE NOTES! Remember, I grade your Lecture Notes on Exam days!

Ch.2 Reading Prompt Q: Discuss the social & economic changes that took place in the ancient Near East that made possible the beginning of what we call civilization.

Art of the Ancient Near East

Mesopotamia

Sumerians Mesopotamia-Land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. (Fertile land) Creation of the city (organization- agriculture/rules/labor/ writing system/ social hierarchy/ religion) The Epic of Gilgamesh- 1 st literary epic poem/ possible hints as real life King Uruk, builder of Uruk’s city walls (est. urban civilization)

“Some Apples, Bananas And Peaches…” -- Mrs. Christman

SUMERIAN AKKADIAN BABYLONIAN ASSYRIAN PERSIAN City of UR (first independent city-state) – Anu and Nanna Ziggurats – developed 1 st writing system – VOTIVE FIGURES – Cylinder seals for stamping – EPIC OF GILGAMESH – invention of the wheel Sargon I defeats Sumerians – Stele of Naramsin – heiratic scale – brutality in art United Sumer under Hammurabi (1792 – 1750 BCE) – Stele of Hammurabi with his Code of Laws – Creation Myths Took control around 1400 BCE – King Assurbanipal – kept library, ziggurat form & Sumerian texts – Human- head lion LAMASSUs guard palace Neo-Sumerian – Gudea of Lagash Lagash Neo-Babylonian – Nebuchadnezzar II Cyrus & the citadel at Persepolis (built between BCE)

White Temple and Ziggurat at Uruk, c BCE

Mesopotamia, land between the Tigris and the Euphrates/ mud brick monumental architecture in the form of a ziggurat/ developed city-state with a division of labor/ two temple complexes dedicated to Anu and Inanna (sky god and goddess of love and war)

Votive figures at the Temple of Abu (Sumerian)

Statuettes from the Temple of Abu at Eshnunna (Tell Asmar), c BCE, gypsum Votive figures placed in the cella (a “waiting room”) / stylization of physical types/ hypnotic gaze created by large eyes

Left: Soundbox of a Sumerian lyre (Ur, Iraq), c BCE Below: Lyre from Sumerian Royal Cemetery (Ur, Iraq), c BCE Sound box/ hybrid human-animal forms/ royal cemetery/ underworld banquet

Standard of Ur (Sumerian) Discovered in the 1920s

Standard of Ur (Ur), c BCE contrast between war and peace/ use of registers to depict a narrative/ object found in a tomb, created with lapis lazuli/ hierarchical proportion to distinguish the ensi, or ruler

“War side” of the Standard of Ur

“Peace side” of the Standard of Ur”

Cylinder Seals

Above: Impression from a Sumerian cylinder seal, c.2500 BCE Left:Seated Statuette of Urnanshe, from the Ishtar temple at Mari (modern Tell Hariri, Syria), c BCE, gypsum

Akkadians Summer came under Akkadian power Akkadians introduced concept of Royal Power! Sargon of Akkad “True King” Loyalty to king, than city state

Stele of NaramSin AKKADIAN c BCE 6 ½ ft. tall Sandstone Sargon’s grandson/ victory over mountain people/ stone marker/

Sargon of Akkad and Naram Sin/ use of a stele to commemorate a victory/ indications of a divine ruler (i.e. a horned helmet) 1 st - king appears as God)

Head of 1st Akkadian ruler (Ninevah, Iraq), c BCE, copper AKKADIAN balance of naturalism and stylization/ introduction of bronze cast sculpture/ importance placed on facial hair

Seated Statue of Gudea from Lagash Neo-Sumerian c BCE He rejected Akkad’s “Absolute Power” Return to votive Tradition

Right: Votive statue of Gudea, c.2120 BCE, diorite Gudea and the Sumerian god of rivers, Ningirsu/ use of diorite to indicate importance/ depiction of a temple plan/ pose of piety and humility

Ziggurat of Ur Neo-Summerian About 2100 BCE One of the largest in Mesopotamia, about a millenium later than Uruk/ 50ft tall mud brick base/

Ziggurat at Ur (modern day Iraq), c BCE

Stele of Hammurabi BABYLONIAN c BCE

Babylonian culture and the law code of Hammurabi/ use of law applied different to different classes/ god (Shamash) and ruler linked together/ rod and ring presented to Hammurabi

Code of Hammurabi OHbgTwhttp:// OHbgTw