Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Lecture Outline Chapter 12

North America

Territory and Human Settlement Size Canada (#2) and the United States (#4) are two of the world’s largest countries in area U.S. has world’s third largest population Canada is sparsely populated Canada and the United States are linked in many ways

Physical Geography and Human– Environment Interaction Tropical to polar climates Mountains and plains Western mountains Canadian Shield Interior lowlands Appalachian Mountain system Major Rivers and the Great Lakes Hydrology

Physical Geography and Human– Environment Interaction Natural vegetation and soils Deciduous forest Coniferous forest Natural hazards Hurricanes Tornadoes Floods Regional environmental issues Dust Bowl Lightning Severe winter storms Earthquakes & volcanoes

Regional Culture History The emergence of a region Cultural hegemony Native Americans First Nations European settlers Horses and Disease

Regional Culture History Wealth of natural resources Primary products and new lands Homestead Act Slower Canadian changes Hudson’s Bay Company Resources of U.S. manufacturing Railroads

Regional Culture History Human resources New people, new skills Education and technology Management of manufacturing Economies of scale Horizontal integration Vertical integration Production line Fordism Canada emerges

World Roles The United States is uniquely positioned due to its political, economic, and military prowess Canada and the U.S. are part of the G8 The United States and the United Nations UN Security Council Globalization: The good, the bad, and the ugly Global role of the regional economy NAFTA

World Roles North American population patterns Population change: natural growth U.S. annual population increase higher than most wealthy countries  Largely the result of young immigrant communities Population distribution: increasing urban density Megalopolis Patterns of Migration in the United States Contemporary Immigration Patterns in the United States

World Roles North American population patterns Native Americans and the United States government Internal Migration in the United States Counter-migration Canadian patterns of ethnic integration Centrifugal force: the challenge of Québec and the rights of indigenous Canadians Francophones Parti Québécois Cree

The United States The United States at a glance Problems of affluence Increasing gap between the wealthy and poor Congregation and segregation

The United States Economic development Commercial farming basis Manufacturing becomes central Service industries Regional politics Uneven development Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC)

The United States Urban landscapes Industrial and Commercial cities Central business districts (CBDs) Concentric pattern of urban zones Ghettos Post-1945 cities Postindustrial cities Gentrification

The United States Regions of the United States New England Megalopolis Manufacturing Belt Appalachia U.S. Heartland: Midwest and Great Plains The South Western Mountains Pacific Coast Alaska and Hawaii

Canada Large size and vast resources Possible independence of Québec Relations with the United States Canadian City Landscapes Economic Development

Canada Regions of Canada 1867 Act of Confederation Atlantic provinces Québec Long-lot land settlement Ontario Prairie provinces West Coast Northern Canada