AP Biology Discussion Notes Wednesday 10/28

Goals for the Day 1.Be able to discuss differences between Lyell & Cuvier 2.Be able to describe the process of natural selection 3.Be able to discuss & recognize a good scientific theory

Discussion Day 2! Start in small group discussions End with large group discussions Your participation in both will be graded!

Two Requests: Keep an open mind about the content that is presented & be respectful of your classmates views/questions/opinions If you have questions: ASK THEM!

Discussion Day 2! A respectful discussion means: –Listening to each other without making fun of ideas or view points –Respectful disagreements –Not dominating the conversation –Being present in the conversation & actively participating. –Keeping each other ON TOPIC

Discussion Day 2! Start in small group discussions End with large group discussions Your participation in both will be graded!

2.According to a simplified version of Lyell’s ideas about Geology “The present is the key to the past.” Describe what this statement means in terms of Lyell’s thinking. How is this different from Cuvier?

3.Does Lyell believe in Evolution/transformisme/transmutation? a. What does Lyell use as evidence to support this thinking?(53)

4. What was Lyell’s idea about Geology and transmutation and was it widely accepted? What evidence do you have of this?

Alfred Russell Wallace Professional Collector and Naturalist –Also influenced by Malthus Evolution by Natural Selection –1858! Natural Selection came to him in a dream

Darwin’s other influences Thomas Malthus –British Economist Competition for Resources –Humans could reproduce faster than economy could support

Origin of Species Published Published in 1859 Overwhelming Evidence for Evolution Published so that he, not Wallace would receive credit Provides the MECHANISM for Evolution Five Testable components

South Dakota Statehood – 1889! As the 39/40 th state in the Union

Natural Selection Natural Selection – the process by which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do. - THE MECHANISM of evolution

Does survival of the fittest have to do with Evolution? Biological Fitness – determined by an organism's ability to survive AND reproduce

Adaptation - any trait that helps an organism to survive and reproduce ENVRIONMENT determines what is favorable!

Natural Selection & Evolution In time the number of individuals that carry favorable characteristics that are also inherited will increase in a population. Thus, the nature of the population will change – a process called evolution. Natural selection acts on individuals, but it is populations that evolve (change)

Natural Selection Natural Selection – the process by which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do. THE MECHANISM of evolution

Evidence for Natural Selection Artificial Selection – provides evidence of how many small changes can amount to a large change over time.

Evidence for Natural Selection Vestigial Structures - Structures present in an organism, but reduced in size and either have no use or have a less important function than they do in other, related organisms.

Evidence for Natural Selection Vestigial Structures - Structures present in an organism, but reduced in size and either have no use or have a less important function than they do in other, related organisms.

Evidence for Natural Selection

What type of animals are whales?

Five Testable Components 1.Individuals in Populations vary in their abilities to survive and reproduce 2.Some of this variation is heritable –(GENETIC variation) 3.An excess of offspring is produced each generation which leads to competition

Mourning Dove

Five Testable Components 4.Individual survival and reproduction is NOT RANDOM (It is tied to the environment) 5.Traits that allow higher survival & reproductive rates become more common in the population

Pre-reading What led to the demise of the Great Auk? What were some characteristics of the Great Auk that you think might have led to its extinction while other seabirds survived?

Flightless Birds What are some examples? What might be an advantage of being flightless or having smaller wings?

For Tomorrow Write you thoughts on #7 on the back Finish Pre-lab