Chapter 14

 Alimentary Canal  Digests and absorbs food  Accessory digestive organs  Assist the process of digestion

A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8

 Where food enters digestive system  1 st organ of alimentary canal  Mechanical and chemical digestion

 Contains accessory organs: Teeth- masticate (chew) food Salivary glands- secretes saliva Saliva:  moistens and helps bind food together into a bolus  Contains enzymes that start to break down starch  Dissolves food so it can be tasted

A. 32 B. 34 C. 36 D. 38

 Tube connecting mouth and esophagus  2 nd part of alimentary canal  Walls of tube contain smooth muscle that contract to propel food down (called peristalsis)

A. 3-4 in B. 4-5 in C. 5-6 in D. 7-8 in

 Connect pharynx to stomach  3 rd part of alimentary canal  Conducts food by peristalsis to the stomach

A. 6 in B. 7 in C. 8 in D. 9 in

 Connect esophagus to small intestines  4 th part of alimentary canal  C shaped  Food enters and is stored  Stomach churns and mixes food with gastric juices and enzymes to form chyme (heavy cream)

A. 1 gallon B. 0.5 gallon C. 1.5 gallon D gallon

Digestion takes place primarily in the stomach. Myth:  Most digestion takes place in your small intestines

If you cut down on your food intake, you'll eventually shrink your stomach so you won't be as hungry. Myth:  Once you are an adult, your stomach stays the same size unless you have surgery on it

Thin people have naturally smaller stomachs than people who are heavy. Myth:  While it may seem hard to believe, the size of the stomach does not correlate with weight or weight control. People who are naturally thin can have the same size or even larger stomachs than people who battle their weight throughout a lifetime.

Exercises like sit-ups or abdominal crunches can reduce the size of your stomach. Myth:  No exercise can change the size of an organ

One way to reduce acid reflux is to lose as little as 2 to 3 pounds. Fact:  Losing just 2 pounds of weight from the abdominal area can make a difference. Pregnancy is about the best example of this, as the baby grows and pushes against the internal organs, heartburn increases; but once the baby is born and the pressure is relieved, the heartburn is, too.

Eating before bed can make you gain weight faster than if you eat the same foods during the day. Myth:  People gain weight when we take in more calories than we burn up, it doesn’t matter when you take in the calories

A 200-calorie snack of peanut butter and crackers is more likely to control your appetite than just eating 200 calories' worth of crackers. Fact:  Fats digest much slower than carbohydrates, and they remain in the stomach longer, which means we naturally feel full longer after eating a snack that contains at least some fat. In addition, simple carbohydrates (like crackers) elicit a quick rise in blood sugar and insulin levels, which subsequently drop just as quickly, causing dramatic shifts in both mood and appetite.

 Connects stomach to large intestine  3 parts: Duodenum Jejunum Ileum  5 th part of the alimentary canal  Where most of digestion and absorption occurs  Capillaries in the cells of the small intestine absorb the digested food for use by the bodies cells

A. 3 m B. 4 m C. 5 m D. 6 m

Liver- secretes bile into small intestines to breakdown fats When bile is in excess it is stored in gallbladder Pancreas- produces and secretes enzymes into small intestines to break down all types of foods Produces hormones insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar

Liver

 Connects small intestine and anus (exit)  4 parts: Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon  6 th part of alimentary canal  Dries out food residues by absorbing water  Lubricates feces with mucus  Removes residues as feces through rectum

A. 4-6 hours B. 6-8 hours C hours D hours