The Islamic World Chapter 8

I. The Rise & Spread of Islam (sorry, there are a lot) Arabian Peninsula Middle East oases Mecca Bedouins Muhammad prophet Allah emigration hijra Medina Kaaba Islam Muslims Five Pillars of Islam Quran ”people of the book” jihad caliphs Abu Bakr Umar Uthman Ali Sunni Shiite/Shia Umayyad Dynasty Moors Battle of Tours Battle of Tales Abbasid Dynasty Baghdad Harun al- Rashid Sufi Seljuk Turks sultan Pope Urban II The Crusades

8.1 … Islam complete the teachings of Judaism and Christianity. Mohammad is the last and greatest of the prophets … The Qur'an (Koran), the holy book of Islam, is the word of Allah (God) as it was revealed to Muhammad. The Qur'an should not be questioned or changed (or translated). … Allah, the God of Islam, is the creator of heaven and earth. No priests are necessary in Islam because people can communicate directly with Allah through prayer. … Salvation belongs only to Muslims who follow a strict moral code Beliefs of Islam Wednesday – Halloween! 1.Turn in Ch8 Terms to Know 2.Write this in your notes:

8.1 1.Muslims must accept and repeat the statement of faith: There is not God but God, and Muhammad is his prophet.” 2.At least five times a day, believers must face the holy city of Mecca and pray. 3.Muslims must be generous to the poor. 4.Fasting during Ramadan (the ninth month) from sun-up to sun-down 5.Muslims who are physically and financially able must make at least one pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca. Five Pillars of Islam Thursday, Nov. 1, Turn in homework, 8.1 FIB 2.Write this down!

True or False? Answer in your notebook 1.The Arabian Peninsula has no permanent rivers or other bodies of water. 2.Muhammad and his followers traveled to Mecca, which became known as “the city of the Prophet.” 3.Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. 4.There are many connections in the Quran to Jewish and Christian beliefs. 5.The Shiite Muslims supported the leadership of the early caliphs.

8.1

Page 175 Spread of Islam

Section 1 The founder of the Umayyad Dynasty moved his capital from Medina to ______________. The Seljuks conquered the _______________ Peninsula, which was ruled by the Christian emperor at Constantinople.

8.1  Mohammed called for a jihad – a holy war against nonbelievers (jihad really just means “inner struggle”)  Mohammed and his followers made steady conquests. In lands they conquered, Muslims allowed only other believers in one God (Christians & Jews) to practice their religion. People who followed any other religion were forced to convert to Islam  By the 1200s, Muslim merchants were trading heavily in Malaya, Indonesia, and the southern Philippines. Through travel & trade, Islam spread peacefully into Southeast Asia Causes of the Spread of Islam

Leaders of The Islamic World The Prophet Muhammad The Prophet Muhammad Rightly Guided Caliphs Abu Bakr – united Arabian peninsulaAbu Bakr – united Arabian peninsula Umar- used armies to take Islam out of ArabiaUmar- used armies to take Islam out of Arabia Uthman – continued expansionUthman – continued expansion Ali – continued expansionAli – continued expansion Umayyad Dynasty Umayyad Dynasty –Moved capitol from Medina to Damascus –Conquered Rhodes, Sicily, North Africa, & Afghanistan Abbasid Dynasty Abbasid Dynasty –Build mosques, schools, & hospitals –New capitol at Baghdad –Traded & supported the arts

A Land Called Paradise Muslim-Americans tell their story and show what they want people to know about them

Arabic language bureaucrats bazaar Dome of the Rock House of Wisdom Arabian Nights The Rubáiyát II. Islamic Achievements Ibn Khaldun Ibn Sina calligraphy Persian carpets minarets mihrab Córdoba

8.2

1.One of the holiest sites in the Islamic World is the ____________________. 2.____________, a philosopher and doctor in the Islamic Empire, wrote medical encyclopedias that were used to teach doctors. 3.The cultural center of Islamic Spain was _________. 4.Islamic artist did not represent ______________ in their religious art because they believed only God could create life. 1.Make sure homework is highlighted 2.Turn in 8.2 FIB Outline 3.Answer the following questions from 8.2:

1.One of the holiest sites in the Islamic World is the ____________________. 2.____________, a philosopher and doctor in the Islamic Empire, wrote medical encyclopedias that were used to teach doctors. 3.The cultural center of Islamic Spain was _________. 4.Islamic artist did not represent ______________ in their religious art because they believed only God could create life. 1.Answer the following questions from 8.2:

8.1  Muslim armies unified Arabia and built a large empire  The Muslim empire improved trade, travel, and communication in conquered lands. Living conditions, health care, and farming methods also improved  The spread of Muslim rule prompted Crusaders in Western Europe to launch attacks on Muslim lands for control of the “holy land”  Under Islamic law, slaves received better treatment than in the past. Women’s situations improved but their freedom was strictly limited  Islamic religion encouraged education – scholars made advances in math, science, & philosophy with Muslim cities becoming centers of learning  Muslim art & literature flourished Effects of the Spread of Islam

Persian Drinking Horn 8.2

Qur'an from Egypt 8.2

Dome inside the mihrab at the Mosque of Córdoba 8.2

Camp of a Turkish Prince 8.2

Festivities During the Occasion of the Coronation of Jahangir,

Mahmud of Ghazni Delhi sultanate Qutb ud-Aibak Hindu-Muslim differences Tamerlane Babur III. Islamic Rulers in India Mughal Empire Akbar Jahangir Taj Mahal Sikh religion militant Aurangzeb

8.1

8.4

8.3/4

Ottoman Empire 8.4

Ottoman Empire 8.4

Military Campaign of Suleiman: 1529 Siege of Vienna 8.4

Islamic Civilization 8.R