The Islamic World After Muhammad Unit 2 Chapter 6 Section 2 Unit 2 Chapter 6 Section 4 Unit 2 Chapter 8 Section

What to do when Muhammad dies Caliph – Successor to Muhammad Abu Bakr – First Caliph

Unification of Arab People Abu Bakr unites Arab tribes and begins fighting others to expand Arab Empire –Syria (Byzantine controlled): 640 CE –Egypt/Northern Africa: 642 CE –Former Eastern Persian Empire (up to India): 650 CE Empire stretches from west of India to Spain –Empire is stopped before it enters France and Constantinople

Governing the Conquered Christians and Jews were allowed to continue practicing –Considered “People of the Book” –Only had to be loyal to rule and pay taxes

Sunni vs. Shi’a vs. Sufi Split derives from leadership –Shi’a – Believes only descendents from Muhammad should be leaders of Islam –Sunni – Accepts leaders not directly related to Muhammad –Sufi – Practices through mysticism Much more open and accepting of other faiths

Islam in Africa 641 – Arabs take Egypt Early 700’s – Arabs rule northern and western Africa Occupied along Red Sea Spreads along northern Sahara likely from trade routes –People are trading ideas and materials In east, Islam combined with elements of African spiritualism

Islamic Art & Literature A blending of Arab, Turkish and Persian styles Unique examples include Mosques, castles and various works The Quran, the Rubiyat of Omar Khayyam and the Arabian Nights are the most well known works

Islamic Math and Science Gave us zero and algebra Scientifically proved the earth was round Gave us an astrolabe that allowed sailors to track their position Ibn Sina – Writes a medical journal used for centuries after –Discoveries included disease could spread through contaminated water