Aim: What was the political climate like during the 1920’s? FbUM 12:50

Do Now: What would a “return to normalcy” be? In the 1920 presidential election would you have voted for a candidate who promised a “return to normalcy?” Why or why not?

Would you vote for this candidate??? “America's present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums (plans), but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration (repair); not agitation (worry), not the dramatic, but the dispassionate (calm);… -Warren G. Harding - speech during the 1920 presidential campaign

Leaders of the 1920’s President Warren Harding ( ) President Calvin Coolidge ( )

Election of 1920 How does this map show the change people wanted?

During the 1920 campaign, for the first time, newsreels and photo-ops became the norm in presidential campaigning, and campaign results were broadcast on the radio. Harding marketed his own quaint home in rural Ohio as his primary podium, instituting what he called a "front porch" campaign, in which he was routinely depicted in photographs on his front porch, and gave numerous speeches there to enormous audiences. He was also widely regarded to be a handsome, and thus photogenic, man, Harding was popular with female voters, primarily because he had supported Women's Suffrage and not, as the legend says, because he was so good-looking. The 1920 election, of course, was the first in which women were permitted to vote. All the campaigning and women voters paid off; he won the largest landslide in U.S. history, taking more than 60% of the popular vote.

Vote for ME, ladies!!!!!!!!!!!

A. “a return to normalcy” 1. Warren Harding (R) is elected president in Political philosophy fit the mood of the country a. wanted to bring America back to it’s pre-war days. As Harding put it, “a return to normalcy.” 3. Harding had an easygoing personality and open style of governing.

4. Isolationism- Not part of the League of Nations 5. Raise tariffs on imports to 60% (why?) 6. Quotas restrict immigration from Southern and Eastern Europeans and Asians (nativism)

Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act (1921), which set quotas, or limits, on the number of immigrants who could enter the United States. Total immigration could not exceed 357,000 in any one year. Limits were also placed on the number of immigrants who could enter the United States from each foreign country.

B. Administration Scandals 1. Teapot Dome Government oil lands leased out 2. Ohio Gang -Friends of Harding’s who took advantage of Government positions.

The Teapot Dome scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States in 1922–23, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome and two other locations to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding. Fall was later convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies. The Ohio gang was responsible for the scandal.

Teapot Dome, Wyoming

What about COOLIDGE???? “The chief business of the American people is business. They are concerned with producing, buying, selling, investing and prospering in the world. I am strongly of the opinion that the great majority of people will always find these the moving wishes of our life....The man who builds a factory builds a temple – the man who works there worships there.” -Excerpts from a speech by President Calvin Coolidge,1925

Election of 1924

Fun Facts about Silent Cal!!!!!!!!!!!! *After the death of Harding, Calvin’s father swore him in as President because he was a justice of the peace. *A hostess once bet that she could get Calvin to say more than two words. Calvin replied with “YOU LOSE”…he didn’t get his nickname for nothing! *His first name isn’t Calvin. It is really John. After college he dropped his first name and just went by Calvin. WHAT A “ COOL ” GUY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

C. Silent Cal 1. Following Harding’s death, Vice President Calvin Coolidge takes over. 2. Believed prosperity rested on business leadership. -”the business of America is business” 3. Won election in Campaign slogan: "Keep Cool with Coolidge.”

D. Keeping the Peace 1. Promoting Peace - Economically - Arms controls

2. Washington Naval Conference Several countries agreed to scrap all battleships then under construction, and promised not to build any more for ten years. 3. Dawes Plan Charles G. Dawes (VP) Loan money to Germany by US so that France can pay the US back

4. Kellogg-Briand Pact United States and France Promised not to use war to resolve conflicts. (could not be enforced)

In your notebooks: Which president helped America “return to normalcy” after WWI?