© David Last Luftfartskonferensen Bodo, Norway 4 February 2016 Achieving Security of Positioning & Timing for Transportation Professor David Last Past-President,

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Presentation transcript:

© David Last Luftfartskonferensen Bodo, Norway 4 February 2016 Achieving Security of Positioning & Timing for Transportation Professor David Last Past-President, Royal Institute of Navigation Picture: earthobservatory.nasa. gov//newsroom/BlueMarble/

GPS contributing to Aviation Measuring Location (L) and Time (T) Navigation: En-route (L) - RNAV, WAAS Terminal area (L) - RNAV, WAAS Approach (L) - SCAT-1, SBAS, APV, LPV, LNAV, VNAV, LAAS VFR for GA (L) ATC: ADS-B (L,T) Multi-lateration (L,T) Navaid flight inspection (L) Surface movement (L,T) - Vehicles, Fire, Rescue, Snow, Braking action, Smart runway Communications: Radio (T) – Air-ground, VDL, CPDLC Fixed infrastructure (T) – Landline, VOIP, Data links Photo: Flight International: AirTeamImages.com/Jørgen Syversen

London Heathrow Runway 27L GNSS Instrument Approach Supporting cast: ILS/DME (I-LL) LOC/DME (I-LL) MLS/DME Starring … Instrument Landing System Localiser Instrument Landing System Glideslope Distance Measuring Equipment Microwave Landing System Barometric altimeter High-Intensity Lighting System From: 23AE573F59E3C0B9AB33BC5B126A385E/7FE5QZZF3FXUS/EN/Charts/AD/AIRAC/EG_AD_2_EGLL_8-12_en_ pdf

Dover Strait – 28 days’ traffic records

© David Last Low-powered GPS jammer on ship Jammer of less than 1 milliWatt: False positions, and velocities Autopilot may turn vessel But no alarms! With a little more jammer power: Electronic Chart Displays Autopilot Automatic Identification System Differential GPS Satellite voice and data comms Maritime distress safety system plus … Ship’s Radar & Gyrocompass

© David Last Satellite and Control System Failures Official announcement: "A significant GPS anomaly occurred on 1 Jan (which) … resulted in the transmission of Hazardously Misleading Information." Sources: Vogel, Macabiau & Suard, ‘Effect of a GPS Anomaly on Different GNSS Receivers’, ION GNSS 2005, Long Beach, CA, Sep 13-16, 2005, GLAwww.thedigitalship.com SVN23 clock failure

© David Last Solar flares “The burst produced 20,000 times more radio emission than the … rest of the sun … and swamped GPS receivers over the entire sunlit side of the Earth.”

© David Last GPS and GSM Jammer Picture:

GPS chaos: How a $30 box can jam your life 21:00 06 March 2011 by David HamblingDavid Hambling

Pictures: dailymail.co.uk, gpsworld.com. Forbes.com Low-cost spoofer devices can now seize control of GNSS receivers, forcing them to show any location or time a criminal or terrorist chooses.

© David Last Pictures: Mitchell Narins, Federal Aviation Administration; Reelektronika bv Enhanced Loran (eLoran) eLoran: Strong LF signals from earth GPS: Weak microwaves from space Both: timing, ranges, position, time No common mode of failure Plug-in replacement

Systems - or simply GNSS?

Pictures:

© David Last ‘Multi-constellation Navigation for Air & Sea: Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring’, Per Enge, Stanford University, US PNT Advisory Board, 30 October 2015 Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM)

© David Last “Loss of GPS signals will not represent a hazard to flight safety, but is likely to result in reduced air space capacity and a lower efficiency of ATM” “Cost savings … and improved operational efficiency will have to be weighed against the risk of increased reliance on GPS.” Density of legacy navaids and at how many airports? Sudden transition from GNSS to legacy … dense airspace … low-vis … multiple systems failing? Simulation … training … funding of legacy systems?

© David Last Luftfartskonferensen Bodo, Norway 4 February 2016 Achieving Security of Positioning & Timing for Transportation Professor David Last Past-President, Royal Institute of Navigation Picture: earthobservatory.nasa. gov//newsroom/BlueMarble/