DNA study guide answers

DNARNA Name of Sugar DeoxyriboseRibose Number of Strands 21 List all of the bases T, C, G, A T, C, G, U What is complimentary to Adenine? TU What is complimentary to Thymine? AThymine is not in RNA What is complimentary to Cytosine? GG What is complimentary to Guanine? CC What is complimentary to Uracil? Uracil is not in DNAA

Where is DNA located? – nucleus What are the three types of RNA? – tRNA, mRNA, rRNA Where is each of the three types of RNA found? – tRNA (cytoplasm, ribosome), mRNA (nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome),, rRNA (cytoplasm, ribosome), Put these in order from smallest to largest: Cell, nucleus, DNA, chromosome, nucleotide – (nucleotide, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, cell) Put these in order from genes to proteins: Protein formed, DNA code, translation, transcription – DNA code, transcription, translation, protein formed mRNA is produced during what process? – transcription

Using your codon chart, UCA is the codon for what amino acid? – Serine Using your codon chart, ACG is the codon for what amino acid? – Threonine Using your codon chart, GUA is the codon for what amino acid? – Valine

Protein synthesis includes _________________________ and transcription. – Translation Codons on mRNA codes for amino acids during what process? – translation Which type of RNA copies DNA during transcription? – mRNA

What is the diagram below? Label all parts of the diagram below (Sugar (which type), phosphate, bases, nucleotide). DNA

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? – Base (attaches to sugar), Sugar, phosphate (alternates), If this stand of DNA (ACGCTTA) replicates, what will the new strand of DNA look like? – TGCGAAT If you have 5 adenines how many thymines will you have? How do you know? – 5, they match up, so they must equal During DNA replication each DNA molecule has one old strand (parent DNA) and one ________ strand of DNA. – New strand Define replication. – DNA making a copy of itself for cell reproduction

The following occur during protein synthesis, put them in order from first to last. – DNA serves as a template for mRNA synthesis, mRNA attaches to a ribosome, mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, tRNA bonds to a specific codon, amino acids are bonded together Draw tRNA, mRNA, rRNA (see next slide) Which type of RNA carries amino acids? – tRNA Anti-codons are attached to ______________. – tRNA Codons are attached to ________________. – mRNA The codon is AUG what is the anti-codon? – UAC

Describe translation. – mRNA goes to the ribosome, tRNA picks up amino acids in the cytoplasm and brings them to the mRNA, the tRNA’s anticodon attaches to the correct codon, amino acids bond forming protein. Why do farmers produce genetically modified food? – Change taste, make herbicide resistant, make pest resistant

Label the following: Transcription, Translation, DNA, mRNA, tRNA, Amino acids, rRNA, codon, anti-codon

If there is a problem with a defective protein, it most likely occurs due to a change in the sequence in ______ code. – Genetic code (DNA) What is a mutation? – Change in genetic code A mutagen is any substance that can cause a mutation, give some examples of mutagens. – Chemicals, radiation Label each of the mutations (substitution, inversion, deletion, insertion) – AAT ACG AATG ACG (insertion (addition)) – AAT ACG AAT AC (deletion) – AUCCGCUCUAA AUCUCGCCUAA (inversion) – AAT ACG ACT ACG (subsitution)

What is a transgenic organism? – An organism that has some foreign DNA from another organism. Who committed the crime according to the DNA finger print? – Number 2 What is cloning? – Making an exact copy of an organism Inversion is a mutation that happens when one or a few __________ are moved. – Nucleotides DNA gives instructions for producing proteins, if DNA has a change, what will happen to the protein? – The protein will be change