JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLIC

THOMAS JEFFERSON

THOMAS JEFFERSON

DOMESTIC AFFAIRS  Wanted a smooth transition of parties Maintained National Bank & debt repayment Kept many Federalist advisors  Wanted the retain supporters Reduced the size of the military Eliminated the number of federal jobs Repealed excise tax

DOMESTIC AFFAIRS  Louisiana Purchase 1800 Napoleon forced Spain to give Louisiana Territory & New Orleans to France Closed New Orleans & Mississippi River to the Americans By 1803-lost interest in North America 1804-Jefferson sends ambassadors to France to ask for New Orleans

DOMESTIC AFFAIRS  Louisiana Purchase Could spend up to $10 million, if denied go to England and ask for alliance Napoleon needs money for war with Great Britain Offers New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory for $15 million Americans accept going beyond instructions Jefferson approved of deal, but did not believe he had the power to buy lands Submits to the Senate as a treaty

DOMESTIC AFFAIRS  Louisiana Purchase Consequences Doubled the size of the US=15 states Removed all foreign nations from border Controlled Mississippi River & New Orleans Lewis & Clark Expeditions Increased popularity of Jefferson & the Democratic- Republicans

LEWIS AND CLARK

WILLIAM MARBURY

SUPREME COURT POWER  Adams-”Midnight Judges”  Jefferson-orders Secretary of State, James Madison, not to deliver commissions  Marbury v. Madison (1803) Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Marbury had a right to his commission according to the Judiciary Act of 1789, but that Act gave the Supreme Court more power than the Constitution, so it is unconstitutional & Marbury can not be given his commission Established the doctrine of “judicial review”-Supreme Court had the power to decide whether an Act of Congress or the President was constitutional

AARON BURR

ELECTION OF 1804  Jefferson re-elected but Democratic-Republicans decide not to nominate Aaron Burr as Vice President Burr decides to run for Gov. of NY with plan of secession Hamilton is his opponent and wins Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel & kills him 1806-Burr planned to take Mexico from Spain, unite it with Louisiana Territory to form a new country Jefferson orders his arrest and trial for treason Burr acquitted for lack of evidence & disappears from history

FOREIGN AFFAIRS  Tripoli War-Barbary Pirates  1807-Leopard v. Chesapeake  Embargo Act Prohibited American trade to any foreign country Hoped it would cause hardship to Britain and France Backfired-greater hardship to US, but did increase Northern manufacturing

ELECTION OF 1808  Jefferson decides not to run for a third term  Jefferson supports his Secretary of State, James Madison  Runs against a federalist and two other Democratic-Republicans  Madison receives majority of electoral votes

JAMES MADISON

JAMES MADISON

FOREIGN AFFAIRS  1809-Non-Intercourse Act-repealed the Embargo Act, US would trade with all countries except Britain & France  1810-Macon’s Bill-restored trade with Britain & France  1810-Macon’s Bill #2-If Britain or France would accept a treaty to stop seizing ships, we would stop trade with their enemy  Napoleon’s Deception-Napoleon agreed to leave ships alone, US puts an embargo against Britain, France continued to seize ships

FOREIGN AFFAIRS  War of 1812-Second War for Independence  Causes Free Seas and trade Frontier Pressure War Hawks  Battles-separate sheet  Treaty of Ghent (1814) Returned all conquered land Pre-war northern boundary

FOREIGN AFFAIRS  War of 1812-Consequences US gains respect of world nations Accept Canada as neighbor Federalist Party ends Native Americans force to surrender large areas of land More factories built due to blockade First American nationalism War heroes to be presidents

DOMESTIC AFFAIRS  Hartford Convention New England states Federalists-Opposed to war December 1814 Some wanted secession Proposed 2/3 rd vote for any future declaration of war Set precedent looked to by the southern states on secession

ELECTION OF 1816  Madison decides not to run for third term  Supports his Secretary of State-James Monroe  Monroe easily wins the election 183 to 34 in the electoral college  Monroe’s administration named “Era of Good Feelings”

JAMES MONROE

JAMES MONROE

DOMESTIC AFFAIRS  Nationalism Cultural Economic  Tariff of 1816-first “protective” tariff  Panic of nd Bank of the United States Most severe in the west  Changes in political parties Federalist party is dead Factions & sectionalism divide Democratic-Republicans

HENRY CLAY

DOMESTIC AFFAIRS  Missouri Compromise (1820) Even balance of slave & free states (11) Missouri ready to be a state-wants slavery First state from the Louisiana Territory to apply for statehood Debated for one year Henry Clay comes up with a compromise  Missouri admitted as slave state  Maine admitted as free state (population exemption)  Louisiana Territory divided at the 36 latitude line Above the line-free states Below the line-slave states

MISSOURI COMPROMISE MAP

FOREIGN AFFAIRS  Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)-limited military in Great Lakes-”unfortified border”  Florida Spain had left to put down revolutions in South America Place for criminals, runaway slaves, Native Americans- raid cities in Georgia 1817-Monroe sends General Andrew Jackson to pursue raiders-crosses into Spanish Florida Spanish worried Americans would take Florida by force Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)  Spain gives US Florida and rights to Oregon  US forgives $5 million in debt and rights to Texas

GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON

FOREIGN AFFAIRS  Monroe Doctrine (1823) Address to Congress-Monroe enacts new foreign policy European countries could no longer take colonies in North or South America European countries were not to interfere with governments in North or South America United States would not interfere in European Affairs  Impact Americans supported, but forgot about Europeans upset, but didn’t invade Could never have enforced it

JOHN MARSHALL

MARSHALL COURT  Appointed by John Adams (Federalist)  Decisions favor the National Government and property rights over state’s rights  Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) States can not alerter contracts of private corporations  McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Federal government has the right to create a bank and states can not tax federal institutions  Cohens v. Virginia (1821) Supreme Court can review any decision in a state court involving the federal government  Gibbons v. Ogden (1821) Federal government controls interstate commerce