GENETICS NOTES

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Genetics is the scientific study of heredity.

Heredity is the process in which characteristics are passed from the parent to the offspring (Mom or Dad to Child).

Traits are an organisms physical characteristics. Ex: eye color, height, nose shape

These traits are inherited on CHROMOSOMES (hold DNA inherited from parents)

Traits are controlled by a small section of your DNA (our genetic code)

We call that section, a GENE! (The small segments of a DNA molecule that contain specific trait information)

The different forms, or parts of a gene are called alleles

Next>Next> Alleles Some genes have different forms, these are known as alleles. Example: Take hair color as an example. The alleles for red hair are different to the alleles for brown hair, and these are different to the alleles for blond hair. The allele combinations that you possess are responsible for your unique mix of characteristics.

Alleles are represented by letters Usually, letters represent dominant alleles and lower case letter represent recessive alleles.

Dominant allele is the one whose trait always shows up.

Recessive allele is hidden, or covered up, whenever a dominant allele is around (The only time you see a recessive alleles trait is when there are two recessive alleles and no dominant).

Heterozygous means Different Genes (alleles) Example: Tt Homozygous means Same Genes (alleles) Example: TT or tt

Genotype The code of your genes (Ex. Tt, EE) Phenotype Physical appearance (brown hair)

What is the passing of genetic instructions from one generation to the next known as? Question 1 Next>Next> A)Allele transfer B)Genetic transfer C)Heredity D)Heredity traits

What is the passing of genetic instructions from one generation to the next known as? Question 1 Next>Next> A)Allele transfer B)Genetic transfer C)Heredity D)Heredity traits

“Genes store the information that causes heredity traits to pass from one generation to the next." Is this statement true or false? Question 2 Next>Next> Answer true or false.

“Genes store the information that causes heredity traits to pass from one generation to the next." Is this statement true or false? Question 2 Next>Next> Answer true or false. True

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction In asexual reproduction, only one parent is needed to produce offspring. The offspring will be IDENTICAL to the parent.

Things that reproduce asexually include: 1. one celled organisms (like bacteria) 2. some plants 3. some frogs

In sexual reproduction, two parents are needed to produce offspring. The offspring will NOT be identical to the parents.

THE END