Types of Governmental Systems Anarchy --no government at all Constitutional --a constitution limits the power of the government Authoritarian --complete government control and unlimited power Unitary --the central government has all the power.

Monarchy  A monarchy has a king or queen  The position is passed on to heirs (prince, princess).  Two types of monarchies:  Absolute monarchies - total power, not around much anymore  Constitutional monarchy - has a democratic government that limits the monarch's control.

Socialism Socialism is an economic and political system that pushes for society to oversee and run the economy and other parts of daily life.

Communist  The government owns property such as businesses and farms.  It usually provides its people's healthcare, education and welfare.  Examples: North Korea, Soviet Union

“ Democracy ”  “ Direct Democracy ” is when ALL citizens met to debate government matters and vote first hand. Virtually impossible in today’s world due to populations. Idea came from Ancient Greece  “ Representative Democracy ” is when citizens choose a smaller group to represent them, make laws, and govern on their behalf. The PEOPLE still remain the government’s source of authority.

Dictatorship  A country ruled by a single leader. The leader has not been elected and uses force to keep control.  Controlled by the military and does not allow criticizing of the government  Promotes extreme nationalism and often racism.  State more important than the individual.

Oligarchy  Ruled by a council or small group of people.  Rulers are usually determined by wealth or power.

Totalitarian Country with only one political party People are forced to do what the government tells them and may also be prevented from leaving the country.

When a nation recognizes a god or a deity as their ruler and the king or leader as that god’s representative Theocracy

23.2 THE COLD WAR

The Cold War The United Nations (UN) was created after World War II in order to help prevent future wars and conflict. There are 193 member nations and they meet to coordinate peaceful solutions to global issues such as war, starvation, disease, poverty, and natural disasters.

The Cold War Communism is an economic and political system in which the means of production of food and other items are owned and controlled by the government. - Communist governments came to power in Russia (1917 becoming the USSR) China (1949) and other smaller nations after WWII. Satellite nations are countries that are controlled by another country. - During the Cold war, the Soviet Union (USSR) tried to control the countries around it and made them into communist states like theirs.

The Cold War Containment was the U.S. policy of stopping the spread of communism by influencing other countries to be friendly to the democratic U.S. and not the communist Soviet Union. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is a military alliance organization that was originally created to protect against the threat of the Soviet Union and the spread of communism. If one member of NATO is attacked, the other members treat it as an act of war too.

The Cold War A limited war was fought between noncommunist nations and communist nations between 1951 and A limited war is a war where countries do not use all of their military power (especially not nuclear weapons) in fighting against their enemies. The Korean War ( ) and the Vietnam War ( ) are examples of limited wars.

The Cold War In 1985, a détente, or lessening of tensions (between the U.S. and the USSR) was announced by the Soviet Union as their empire began to collapse economically and politically. By 1991, the USSR was no more and became divided into many different nations.

23.3 NEW TRENDS IN UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY

New Trends in Foreign Policy World War One - Initially, the U.S. pledged to stay neutral during the fighting. War was declared after the interception of the Zimmerman telegram. World War Two - At the outbreak of WWII, the U.S. once again pledged to stay neutral. They became involved in 1941 after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor.

New Trends in Foreign Policy September 11, 2001 On Tuesday, September 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked four airplanes in the U.S. and flew them into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon (and another crashed into a field in Pennsylvania).

New Trends in Foreign Policy The World Trade Center is a business complex in New York City containing two tall skyscrapers. The Pentagon is the headquarters of the U.S. military leadership. Terrorists are individuals who use violence to achieve political goals.

New Trends in Foreign Policy This attack killed several thousand innocent Americans. The terrorist group who did this was Al Qaeda (which was led by Osama bin Laden). Another group, the Taliban, who ruled most of the country of Afghanistan, allowed Al Qaeda to stay in their country.

New Trends in Foreign Policy The U.S. military and its NATO allies responded by invading the country and, with the help of the Northern Alliance, took the Taliban out of power in Afghanistan. The Northern Alliance is an Afghan group that fought against the Taliban. This battle to stabilize Afghanistan’s new government is still going on today.