Ny’keema Scott Child development 4 th block

Trimesters First trimester- during first trimester the first three months of pregnancy an amazingly rapid sequence of prenatal development occur. It begins at the moment of conception. A conception takes place when an ovum, or egg is fertilized by a sperm. Second trimester- during second trimester the fourth, fifth, and sixth months of pregnancy the fetus grows dramatically. By the end of this period the fetus will typically weigh nearly 2pounds and the eyebrows and lashes appear, fine hair, called lanugo begins to cover the fetus skin. Third trimester- during third trimester the seventh, eighth, and ninth months of pregnancy the brain and other parts of the nervous system continue to develop.

Problems in prenatal development Sometimes a pregnancy ends unexpectly. A miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of the pregnancy after less than 20 weeks of fetal development. The zygote, embryo, or fetus dies and is expelled from the mothers body. Miscarriage is increased by factors such as -Age(women over age 35 are at the greater risk -Previous miscarriage -Certain disease or infections -Exposure to hazards during pregnancy such as alcohol, drugs, smoking, heavy caffeine. Still birth happens when the fetus dies after the twentieth week of pregnancy, the loss of pregnancy. A birth defect is an abnormality that is present at or before birth and results in mental or physical disability. Premature labor and birth- is when the labor can’t be stopped and the baby is born before the thirty-seventh week of pregnancy

Prenatal testing ultrasound imaging is a process that uses sound waves to create video and still images of the fetus inside the uterus Amniocentesis is a prenatal test that involves removing a small amount of the amniotic fluid that surround the developing fetus Chorionic villi sampling is a prenatal test that involves taking a sample of cells from the placenta.

5 signs of pregnancy A missed menstrual period Nausea Breast tenderness Frequent urination

Weight gain during pregnancy During the first trimester of pregnancy, weight gain is usually minimal, although most women experience swelling of the breasts and abdomen. During the second trimester women gain more weight and the pregnancy begin to become noticeable, Women mostly gain pounds or more.

Ways to deal with stress during pregnancy Getting plenty of sleep each night Taking breaks to rest and relax throughout the day Exercising regularly Enjoying the company of family and friends Making time for fun activities

Food safety during pregnancy Raw (unpasteurized) milk and foods made from raw milk Soft cheese (such as feta, blue,and quest Blanco) Raw or undercooked meat, poultry, fish, or shellfish Unpasteurized juices Raw vegetable sprouts Cold cuts, deli meat, and hot dogs, unless they have been reheated to steaming hot

Avoiding prenatal health risks Smoking cigarettes or using other forms of tobacco is dangerous because it limits the amount of oxygen the fetus receives Alcohol use during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, and low birth weight. It can permanently damage the fetus’s brain, leading to serious problems called fetal alcohol disorders. A drug does not have to be illegal to harm a fetus. A pregnant woman must inform her health care provider of any prescription medicines she is taking. If a drug is not safe to take during pregnancy, the health care provider may recommend safe substitute. A pregnant woman should always consult her health care provider before taking any over-the- counter medication.