By Michael Moritz and Jacob Icolari

 The ability to do work  Work is the process of changing the energy level

Chemical Radiant Kinetic Potential Thermal Electrical Nuclear

 Example: A ball Flying through the air has kinetic energy because it is in motion.  An object in motion has connect energy because that motion gives it the ability to do work when it collides with another object.

 Example: A weight at the top of a building has potential energy, because energy was put into the weight when it was brought to the top of the building.  Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy when released.

 Example: Hot water has thermal energy because of the collective kinetic and potential energy of the molecules within it.  Temperature is the measure of how much thermal energy is in a substance

 Example: Your body breaks down glucose and reacts it with oxygen to produce energy.  Chemical energy is similar to potential energy but on a microscopic scale by the attraction between different parts of a molecule

 Example: Some materials have electrons that can be easily moved from one molecule to another, if another electric field is applied. This generates an electric current.  Electrical energy is the movement of electrons to generate energy.

 Example: In the sun the nuclei of hydrogen fuse to create helium.  The fusing of nuclei (fusion) and splitting of nuclei (fission) energy is produced.

 Radiant Energy is the energy that comes from electromagnetic waves; which is called Radiant Energy.  Radiant Energy is, like most forms of energy, measured in joules and is calculated by integrating the Radiant flux of the electromagnetic waves, to the respect of time.

 Energy comes in many forms  All forms of energy affect the natural world in different ways.  Energy cannot be created or destroyed.  Energy will always transfer from high to low.  energy will not always transfer at a 100% efficiency level.

 Matter is what makes up all things. It is the basis in all life, no matter what it is, it will always have some sort of matter. From the oceans, all the way to mountains, matter is the basis structure to all life.

 An atom is composed of a center nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

 The nucleus of an atom is composed of neutrons and protons.  Most of the mass in an atom exists in the nucleus.  Protons and neutrons are composed of the sub atomic particle known as quarks.  A nucleus, must always have and equal number of protons and neutrons, with the exception of a hydrogen molecule.

 Electrons make up the cloud surrounding the nucleus  An electron carries a negative electric charge.  Electrons when in motion create electricity and magnetic fields.  Electrons give off a -1 charge, which in return balances it out with the proton who gives off a +1 charge.

 Protons are found in the middle of a nucleus, along with neutrons, but is also stable by itself and contains a second identity as a hydrogen ion.  The proton has a +1 charge, that balances it out with the electron which has a -1 charge.  There are a total of three quarks two up, and one down, these quarks are bound together by a strong force.

 A neutron, is the only thing that is inside a nucleus that has a neutral charge.  A neutron is know to have a slightly larger electrical charge than that of a proton.  Like a proton, a neutron is structured of three quarks, but instead of two up and one down. The neutron’s quarks are structured as two down and one up.

 A molecule is technically defined as having two atoms, that are held together by a very strong chemical bond.  Molecules are common in organic substances. They also make up most of the oceans and atmosphere.

 Molecules have fixed equilibrium geometries—bond lengths and angles— about which they continuously oscillate through vibration and rotational motions.

 Most molecules are far too small to be seen with the naked eye, but there are exceptions.  DNA, a macromolecule, can reach macroscopic sizes, as can molecules of many polymers.  The smallest molecule is the diatomic hydrogen (H 2 ), with a length of 0.74.

 Matter isn't just one thing, matte ris what makes up everything, that is anything, that is on the planet earth.  There are four major things that make up an atom, Electron, Proton, Neutron, and Nucleus.  Molecules, are basically the bigger version of an atom, with a slightly bigger structure that helps in the making process of the entire world.

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