Plate Tectonics Test Review
Label the different layers of the earth and explain the importance of each layer Crust: Solid, made of basalt or granite Mantle: Lithosphere: Solid. Plates Asthenosphere: Liquid, convection currents Outer Core: Molten material Inner Core: Solid nickel and iron
What is the difference between Basalt and Granite?
What is the difference between the Lithosphere and the Asthenosphere? Both are in the mantle, but…. 1. Lithosphere: Solid and are where the plates are 2. Asthenosphere: More Liquid and where convection currents happen
What is the difference between the outer core and the inner core? Outer Core: Molten material Inner Core: Solid nickel and iron
How does temperature and pressure relate to the layers of the earth? As you go deeper into the earth, the pressure and the temperature both increase
This causes the crust of the earth to move around What are Convection Currents? Where are they located in the layers of the earth? What do they cause? Heat rising Coolness sinking source Becomes cool Convention currents in the mantle, cause the lithosphere (bottom of the crust) to move This causes the crust of the earth to move around
What is Pangaea? Wegener’s hypothesis; all continents had once been joined together in a single land mass and have since drifted apart
What is the evidence for Pangaea? Fossil Evidence of plants and animals Glacier evidence Coal Deposits/Mountain evidence Puzzle Fit of continents
Who came up with Pangaea? Wegener
How does Pangaea relate to Continental Drift? Continental Drift: Wegener’s idea that the continents slowly moved over Earth’s surfaces causing Pangaea to break apart
Why did people not believe Wegners theory of Pangaea and Continental Drift? Because Wegner could not identify the cause of continental drift or why the continents broke apart
What is the Mid-Ocean Ridge? Mid Ocean Ridge: longest chain of mountains in the world under the oceans.
What is Sea Floor Spreading? What is the evidence that it is occurring? Sea Floor Spreading: the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the seafloor Evidence molten material magnetic stripes drilling samples
How do subduction and trenches relate to one another? Subduction causes a trench to form
Who came up with Sea Floor Spreading? Harry Hess
Label Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcano Trench Subduction Magma Magnetic Strips Sea floor spreading
Label Oldest Crust Newest Crust Lithosphere Basalt Asthenosphere Granite
Draw New crust forms here
What are Plates? The lithosphere is broken into separate sections called plates
What are faults? Faults: breaks in the earth’s crust Faults are formed along plate boundaries
The Theory of Plate Tectonics Transform Boundary Motion Sliding past one another Effect Earthquakes Topography None created Volcanic Activity None Picture Draw this!
The Theory of Plate Tectonics Divergent Boundary Motion Spreading Effect Oceanic Lithosphere created Topography Ridge or Rift valley (Mid ocean ridge) Volcanic Activity Yes – lava pours out the cracks in the ocean floor Picture Draw this!
The Theory of Plate Tectonics Convergent Boundary Motion Subduction Effect Oceanic Lithosphere destroyed Topography Trench Volcanic Activity Yes – as the plate submerges, it melts and can can rise back up to the surface as lava Picture Draw this!
How does density of plates relate to plate tectonics and subduction? The plate that is more dense will go under (subduct) the other plate.
What is a Hot Spot? Area where magma rises upwards and erupts in the middle of a plate
Oldest Island Youngest Island Plate moving this way Hot Spot
Use the map to explain the relationship between volcanoes/earthquakes and plate boundaries. Earthquakes and volcanoes occur on plate boundaries