Recurrent uric acid stones by K.S. Kamel, S. Cheema-Dhadli, M.A. Shafiee, M.R. Davids, and M.L. Halperin QJM Volume 98(1):57-68 December 29, 2004 QJM vol.

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Recurrent uric acid stones by K.S. Kamel, S. Cheema-Dhadli, M.A. Shafiee, M.R. Davids, and M.L. Halperin QJM Volume 98(1):57-68 December 29, 2004 QJM vol. 98 no. 1 © Association of Physicians 2005; all rights reserved.

Diurnal pattern for the urine flow rate and osmolality. K.S. Kamel et al. QJM 2005;98:57-68 QJM vol. 98 no. 1 © Association of Physicians 2005; all rights reserved.

Diurnal pattern for the excretion of electrolytes and urea. K.S. Kamel et al. QJM 2005;98:57-68 QJM vol. 98 no. 1 © Association of Physicians 2005; all rights reserved.

Diurnal pattern for the urine pH. K.S. Kamel et al. QJM 2005;98:57-68 QJM vol. 98 no. 1 © Association of Physicians 2005; all rights reserved.

Causes for a low urine pH. K.S. Kamel et al. QJM 2005;98:57-68 QJM vol. 98 no. 1 © Association of Physicians 2005; all rights reserved.

High NH3 concentration in the medullary interstitial compartment. K.S. Kamel et al. QJM 2005;98:57-68 QJM vol. 98 no. 1 © Association of Physicians 2005; all rights reserved.

Alkaline proximal cell pH. K.S. Kamel et al. QJM 2005;98:57-68 QJM vol. 98 no. 1 © Association of Physicians 2005; all rights reserved.

Low urine pH in patients with uric acid stones and an alkaline PCT cell pH. K.S. Kamel et al. QJM 2005;98:57-68 QJM vol. 98 no. 1 © Association of Physicians 2005; all rights reserved.

Transfer of \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{{+}}\) \end{document} from the LOH to the MCD. The mTAL of the LOH is shown on the far left, and the MCD is shown on the far right side of this figure. K.S. Kamel et al. QJM 2005;98:57-68 QJM vol. 98 no. 1 © Association of Physicians 2005; all rights reserved.