Ch. 17 The Transatlantic Economy, Trade Wars, and the Colonial Rebellion

Periods of European Overseas Empire Four Stages discovery, exploration, conquest, settlement— 15 th c. to end of 17th c. mercantile empires & great power trade rivalries; slavery; colonial independence—to 1820s 19th-c. empires in Africa & Asia decolonization, mid- to late 20th c What allowed Europeans to exert power over foreign lands? source of European world domination: technology (ships & guns)

Mercantilism System of heavy gov’t regulation of trade and commerce in hopes of increasing national wealth Wealth is measured in gold and silver  the country with the most WINS!! Nation’s should purchase as little as possible from other countries BUT try to export more than import Colonies should benefit the mother country economically

Mercantilist Views One country benefits at the cost of another Colonies exist to provide natural resources and markets for the home country Home country protects and administers their colonies  exclusive trade rights PROBLEM: Colonies did not always benefit from exclusive trade with mother country  led to smuggling and conflict

Mercantile Empires Textbook p Notebook  –What established the boundaries of empire? –record the areas controlled by the five countries discussed in the section Map  Use text/Internet to create a legend to show the different areas of colonies P (American History text)

Mercantile Empires, early 18th c.— boundaries set by 1713 Treaty of Utrecht Spain: South America except for Brazil; Florida, Mexico, California & N. American Southwest; Central America; Caribbean possessions Britain: 13 Colonies, N. Atlantic seaboard, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland; Caribbean possessions; trading posts on Indian subcontinent France: St. Lawrence, Ohio, & Mississippi river valleys; Caribbean possessions; trading posts in India & West Africa Netherlands: Surinam (S. America); Cape Colony (S. Africa); trading posts in West Africa, Sri Lanka, & India; also controlled trade with Java in SE Pacific

Cause and Effect How did the population explosion of the Agricultural/Industrial Revolution spur colonization and mercantilism in the New World?

Overview Due to an agricultural revolution of the 17 th and 18 th centuries, population grew A new demand for goods produced an Atlantic economy built on a triangular trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas Britain and France will become dominant powers over Spain and the Dutch –Wealth leads to innovations used in agriculture and manufacturing A series of conflicts will erupt over colonial possessions culminating with the French and Indian War and the American Revolution