America at War. Objectives Explain why Japan decided to attack Pearl Harbor, and describe the attack itself. Outline how the United States mobilized for.

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Presentation transcript:

America at War

Objectives Explain why Japan decided to attack Pearl Harbor, and describe the attack itself. Outline how the United States mobilized for war after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Summarize the course of the war in the Pacific through the summer of 1942.

Pearl Harbor − site in Hawaii of the United States Navy’s main Pacific base Vocabulary Terms and Phrases

Tensions mounted as Japan continued its march into new lands, gaining territory and valuable natural resources. Roosevelt condemned Japanese aggression. He worked to slow Japan’s expansion with an embargo. Angered by American interference, Prime Minister Hideki Tojo decided it was time to eliminate the U.S. presence in the Pacific.

December 7 th 1941

On December 7, 1941, Japanese fighter pilots attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

Damage at Pearl Harbor

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After the attack, the United States declared war on Japan. Japan’s allies, Germany and Italy, then declared war on the United States. 0dkE

Americans joined the military, the Red Cross, and other organizations. Women responded by joining the Women’s Army Corps, Army Nurse Corps, and other military auxiliaries. Americans took new jobs making weapons and supplies that supported the war effort. A wave of patriotism swept the United States following the attack.

The money poured into defense spending finally ended the Great Depression. American workers could once again find jobs.

Companies that once produced consumer goods mobilized to build ships, planes, and tanks. The peacetime economy soon shifted to a wartime economy.

In 1944, American production levels were double those of all the Axis nations combined. This “production miracle” gave the Allies a crucial advantage.

In the early years of the war, the outlook for the Allies was grim. Japan’s Advantages Dominance of the Pacific Technologically advanced weapons Highly motivated and well-trained military

Japanese armies quickly took Guam, Wake Island, and Hong Kong. Then they moved into the Philippines, forcing American General Douglas MacArthur to retreat. The troops were surrounded, trapped. After a terrible siege, thousands died when they were forced to walk to prison camps during the Bataan Death March.