THE 1800s: Growth and Conflict in the Young Government

After George Washington’s presidency ended in the late 1790s, the first political parties emerged Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson Federalists Democratic Republicans

The Federalists The Federalists, led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton, believed in a strong national government and industrial economy and were supported by bankers and business interests in the Northeast.

Democratic Republicans The Democratic Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson, believed in a weak national government and an agricultural economy. They were supported by farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the South.

The Election of 1800 Adams vs. Jefferson Part II, this time Jefferson won the election over Adams. Aaron Burr became Jefferson’s Vice President Elections are decided by the Electoral College. Interestingly, a report surfaced during the election about Jefferson having a child w/ a slave

A Philosophic Cock (c. 1804). In this satirical cartoon by James Akin, President Thomas Jefferson appears as a rooster courting a hen with the face of Sally Hemings, one of Jefferson's slaves. Jefferson's political opponents sought to weaken his presidency with charges of promiscuity and interracial sex.

Supreme Court Decisions Key decisions by the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall of Virginia established the power of the federal courts to declare laws unconstitutional (“judicial review”— Marbury v. Madison) and prohibited the states from taxing agencies of the federal government (“the power to tax is the power to destroy”—McCulloch v. Maryland).

Judicial Review

McCulloch v. Maryland

The Revolution of 1800 Jefferson’s Presidency is known as the Revolution of 1800 He wanted to be less formal than Washington and Adams In 1803, Jefferson bought for 15 million dollars from Napoleon, the land known as “Louisiana.”

Lewis and Clark After Jefferson made the “Louisiana Purchase,” he sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new land. Sacagawea helped Lewis and Clark on the way This purchase doubled the size of the US. Both Lewis and Clark were from Charlottesville.

Supreme Court Decisions Key decisions by the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall of Virginia established the power of the federal courts to declare laws unconstitutional (“judicial review”— Marbury v. Madison) and prohibited the states from taxing agencies of the federal government (“the power to tax is the power to destroy”—McCulloch v. Maryland).

Judicial Review

McCulloch v. Maryland

Problems with Great Britain Brits and France were at war, and the British needed more Sailors to fight. British started stealing American soldiers– This is called IMPRESSMENT. Jefferson ordered an embargo on all goods traded with other countries– Embargo=no trading with that country

British Impressmen t

British help Native Americans raid US settlements.

War Hawks in Congress Henry Clay (KY)John C. Calhoun (SC)

Madison Elected President: 1808 When Madison became President in 1808, he lifted the embargo– American businesses were losing money. The British were also giving weapons to the Native Americans to fight the American citizens. All of this lead to the WAR OF 1812.

The WAR OF 1812 CONGRESS DECLARES WAR ON BRITAIN on June 18, While the US did not win the war, they did not lose either– this made the Americans proud=nationalism. British burned down parts of Washington, DC

The British are coming…..again! ! The White House Burns!

Battl es

WAR OF 1812 continued In 1814 the Treaty of Ghent is signed The war is over The British could not win because they were fighting the French and Napoleon in Europe. This war was considered a victory for Americans. Star Spangled Banner

The Monroe Doctrine The American continents should not be considered for future colonization by any European powers. Nations in the Western Hemisphere were inherently different from those of Europe, republics by nature rather than monarchies. The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere. The United States would not interfere in European affairs

The Monroe Doctrine