Goal 7 Part 1 Progressive Era (Gilded Age – U.S. entry into WWI)

Progressive Movement Reasons why we need change…. (1) unsafe conditions at factories (2) questioned the dominant role of corporations (monopolies/trusts) (3) Corrupt political practices (political machines) *Aimed to return control of the government to the PEOPLE (average citizen), restore economic opportunity, and correct the injustices of America

Ways to grant “PEOPLE” more control in politics at the “STATE Level” 1. Initiative – a bill by the people 2. Referendum – a vote on the bill by the people 3. Recall – take out leaders (aimed at corruption) th Amendment : Direct election of Senators (***** DIRECT PRIMARY*****) ***** 16 th Amendment **** - graduated income tax (the more you make, the more you pay) / fair taxation Purpose: to help pay for social welfare programs (Ex. Settlement House / Social Gospel Movement)

4 MAIN GOALS OF PROGRESSIVISM (1) Protecting social welfare (2) Promote moral improvement (3) Create economic reform (4) Fostering efficiency

(1) Protecting Social Welfare Social Gospel Movement:  Late 1800s reform programs that focused on helping the poor through services of community centers, churches and social services. Leads to: 1. Settlement House Movement (Jane Adams) 2. YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association) 3. Salvation Army (fed the poor in soup kitchens) 4. Florence Kelley : influenced by Jane Adams and dedicated her life toward improving the lives of (a) women and (b) children (b) Helped pass the Illinois Factory Act 1893 *No more Child Labor – becomes a model for other states

(2) Promoting Moral Improvement Prohibition- Banning the production, sale, and transportation of alcohol! 18 th Amendment * Ratified in 1919 and Repealed in 1933 by the 21 st Amendment (alcohol Is legal; taxed!)

WCTU –Women’s Christian Temperance Union (Prohibition crusaders) * Cary Nation *  Bible and Hatchet

Women’s Fight for Suffrage (voting) Susan B. Anthony: Fought for a constitutional amendment for “WOMEN”S SUFFRAGE” Carrie Chapman Catt  Leader of the National Women’s Suffrage Association  1917 – wins women’s suffrage  1918 – introduced to Congress  1920 – ratification of the 19 th Amendment 19 th Amendment – Women’s suffrage *(voting)

Susan B. Anthony & Carrie Chapman Catt Women that fought for Women’s Suffrage

(3) Creating Economic Reform Capitalism is in question due to the rise of Socialism Why? Eugene V. Debs / IWW “SOCIALIST”  Founded the American Socialist Party (1901)  Ran for president numerous times  Socialism  Equal distribution of wealth  Government owned property / businesses “uneven balance” between people, businesses, and government = NOT GOOD!!!!

Reform at the State Level Spurred by Progressive Governors, states passed laws to  Regulate railroads and large businesses (fair comp.) Robert M. La Follette “FIGHTING BOB” Wisconsin Governor / later Senator “doesn’t want to smash corporations, just drive them out of politics” Major Target: RAILROADS Tactics: tax the railroads the same as other businesses & NO free passes for state officials Fairness gets rid of corruption TACTICS TRIGGERED OTHER GOVERNORS TO DO THE SAME!

*****Muckrakers***** American journalists, novelists, and critics who in the first decade of the 20th century, attempted to “expose the abuses of business and the corruption in politics” MAIN PURPOSE: To expose the corruption and convince American citizens to protest for change and reform. Examples (1) Ida M. Tarbell – History of the Standard Oil Company (*) Spoke of the outrageous business practices of Rockefeller’s Oil company (2) Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities (*) attacked corrupt election practices and shady dealings in businesses and city governments across the nation

Muckrakers (continued) (3) Frank Norris – The Octopus (*) Spoke about how RAILROADS are taking over America! (4) Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives (tenement) ******* MOST IMPORTANT MUCKRAKER******** (5) Upton Sinclair – The Jungle (*) Spoke about the harsh conditions in a meat packing industry in Chicago * Will influence Teddy Roosevelt years later to pass the Meat Inspection Act

(4) Fostering efficiency Piece Work  Breaking down large assignments into smaller, individual assignments in order to have a “stronger, more efficient” product *** ASSEMBLY LINE, by HENRY FORD ***  MOST IMPROTANT ADDITION TO SOCIETY FROM HENRY FORD!!!!!!  PROBLEM: Not everyone can work at the same pace  ($5.00 / day, 8 hour workday)

Henry Ford’s Assembly Line (MODEL T)

Model T

NEW TECHNOLOGIES Wright Brothers  First successful flight, Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, December 17, 1903 (120 feet, and 12 seconds)

Inventors George Eastman (Kodak Camera) Thomas Edison (Light Bulb)

Inventors (continued) Alexander Graham Bell (telephone) *Christopher Sholes* Invented the “typewriter” - Telephone and Typewriter created more jobs for WOMEN and had a huge effect on businesses

T.Q. What was the MAIN GOAL of the women’s rights movement during the Progressive Era? A. Higher education for women B. Women’s suffrage C. More jobs in the industry D. Jobs outside of factory work

T.Q. How did Muckrakers serve Progressivism? A. By informing people about abuses so they could protest B. By enacting legislation to prevent political corruption C. By cleaning up unhealthy meat processing plants D. By filing and prosecuting anti-trust lawsuits

T.Q. What is the main reason behind calls for child labor laws? a. Poor families needed their family wages b. Child labor lowered the wages of all workers c. Child labor was harmful to children’s welfare d. Businesses needed children to perform certain unskilled jobs