Load lab!!!!!!! Get peanut butter and paper towels ready

Do Now (WRITE the sentence and UNDERLINE your answer!) 1. Carbohydrates are made of ________ & ___________. 2. Lipids are made of _________ & _______. 1. Lipids are tested using the __________. 1. Sugars are tested using the ____________. 1. Starches are tested using the ___________.

Proteins

Function 1.Build and repair body tissue 2.Fight diseases (antibodies) 3.Send messages (hormones) 4.Control reactions (enzymes) 5.Maintain homeostasis = regulate the body Atoms C, H, O and N Important Shape Matters!! Subunits Amino Acids Pictures Test Biuret’s Test

What is the Function? 1. Build and repair body tissue 2. Fight diseases (antibodies) 3. Send messages (hormones) 4. Control reactions (enzymes) 5. Maintain homeostasis = regulate the body

What are the subunits? Amino Acids

What are the Atoms? C, H, O and N

What does it look like? Proteins look like a twisted up ball of yarn Each amino acid connect together with a peptide bond and coil up

What is the structure of a protein? Proteins have a 3-D shape

Why are they important? Shape Matters!! Each protein has a perfect match and unlocks a reaction based on its shape Like a lock-and-key

What does Denatured mean? Denatured is when the shape of the protein changes It can no longer do its job because it is no longer a perfect match

What does Enzyme mean? Enzymes are special proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

What is the test? Biuret’s Solution

Protein Examples Enzymes: speed up reactions Hemoglobin: carries oxygen Insulin: controls blood sugar levels Antibodies: fights off invaders Hormones: send messages in the body

Protein Stations Station 1: Questions Station 2: Vocab Matching Station 3: Building macromolecules -Label as a Protein -Glue down pieces -Describe Function -Describe Importance

Nucleic Acids

Function 1.Control genetic information 2.Make proteins to make traits Atoms C, H, O, N, and P (Phosphorus) Important Found in the nucleus Examples: RNA and DNA Subunits Nucleotides (1 sugar, 1 phosphate and 1 nitrogen base) Pictures Test No test Found in ALL living things

What is the function? 1. Control genetic information 2. Make proteins to make traits

What are the atoms? C, H, O, N, and P (Phosphorus)

What are examples? ATP = Energy currency DNA = Genetic Information Storage RNA = Helps build proteins

What are the subunits? Nucleotides Made of: 1 sugar, 1 phosphate and 1 nitrogen base

What are the 5 Nitrogen Bases? A (Adenine), T (Thymine), G (Guanine), C (Cytosine), U (Uracil)

What is the structure of a Nucleic Acid? Double Helix Sugar and Phosphate backbone Nitrogen bases make up the middle steps Looks like a twisted ladder or spiral staircase

What are the Monomers & Polymers? Monomer: Nucleotides Polymers: DNA, RNA, ATP

DNA vs. RNA DNARNA Double Helix (2 strands)Single Helix (1 strand) A, T, G, CA, U, G, C Deoxyribose sugarRibose sugar Stores genetic informationDelivers genetic message to make proteins

Nucleic Acid Stations Station 1: Nucleic Acid Questions Station 2: Frayer Model Vocabulary Station 3: Nucleic Acid Molecule Build Station 4: DNA vs. RNA & Nucleotide Build

Nucleic Acids Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur Function  control genetic information Monomer  nucleotides Polymers  DNA  deoxyribonucleic acid  RNA  ribonucleic acid

Online Lab Tests!

Benedict’s Solution DEMO What did we DO? What did we SEE? What does this TELL us?

Iodine Solution DEMO What did we DO? What did we SEE? What does this TELL us?

Biuret’s Reagent What did we DO? What did we SEE? What does this TELL us?

Brown Paper Bag Test What did we DO? What did we SEE? What does this TELL us?

Macromolecule Tests… Benedict’s Solution: A test for SUGAR. If test is positive, it will turn a color anywhere from green to red, telling you that there IS a sugar! Iodine Solution: A test for STARCH. If test is positive, it will turn a dark purple/black color, telling you that there IS a starch! Brown Paper Bag Test: A test for LIPIDS/FATS. If test is positive, it will leave a greasy residue on the brown paper, telling you there IS a lipid! Biuret’s Reagent: A test for PROTEINS. If test is positive, it turn pink or purple, telling you that there IS a protein!

Exit Ticket A student performed a food test on her lunch. The Iodine test and Brown paper bag test came back positive. What organic molecules were in her lunch? A. Starches only B. Sugars and starches C. Starches and lipids D. Lipids and sugars

Proteins: Multipurpose molecules

Proteins Food, food, and more food.

Examples  muscle  fingernails, claws  skin  hair  antibodies  enzymes  example: pepsin, catylase  hormones  example: insulin Proteins insulin – collagen (skin) – hemoglobin

Proteins Sub Unit / Monomer = amino acid amino acid – amino acid – amino acid – amino acid – amino acids  20 different  amino acids  Each one has  a different  R group.

Amino acid chains Proteins  amino acids chained into a polymer  Each amino acid is different  some “like” water & dissolve in it  some “fear” water & separate from it

pepsin 3-D protein structure collagen Proteins fold & twist into 3-D shape hemoglobin growth hormone

Its shape that matters! Proteins do their jobs, because of their shape Unfolding a protein destroys its shape  wrong shape = can’t do its job  unfolding proteins = “denature”  temperature  pH (acidity) folded unfolded “denatured” Glossary Word!

Nucleic acids: Information molecules

Nucleic Acids Names & Functions  ATP  energy currency  DNA  Information Storage  RNA  Helps build proteins RNA

A A A A T C G C G T G C T Genes (DNA) are needed to run bodies every day … to make you and me … to make new cells … to make babies!

Nucleic acids Building block = nucleotides  5 different nucleotides  different nitrogen bases  A, T, C, G, U nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide phosphate sugar N base Nitrogen bases I’m the A,T,C,G or U part!

Nucleotide chains Nucleic acids  nucleotides chained into a polymer o DNA double helix A, C, G, T o RNA single-sided A, C, G, U phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base strong bonds RNA deoxiribose sugar double-sided

ATP Energy currency of cells  Transfers energy within a cell Like (little bombs) Modified nucleotide P O–O– O–O– O –O–O P O–O– O–O– O –O–O P O–O– O–O– O –O–O P O–O– O–O– O –O–O P O–O– O–O– O –O–O P O–O– O–O– O –O–O P O–O– O–O– O –O–O P O–O– O–O– O –O–O AMP ADPATP Mono- Di- Tri-