Chapter One Communication and Its Components

What is Communication? CommunicationCommunication is a process of transmitting and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages.

What is Communication? … Cont’d effectiveCommunication is considered effective when it achieves the desired response from the receiver. two- way processSimple stated, communication is a two- way process of exchanging ideas or information.

4 Verbal communication Oral Videoconferences Presentations Phone calls Meetings One-on-one conversations Written Miscellaneous Reports Letters Memorandums Verbal Communication Verbal Communication refers to the spoken or written words you send or receive.

5 Nonverbal communication 1. Body Language Touch Gesture Posture Appearance 2. Facial Expressions Eye Contact Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication refers to messages without the use of words. 3. Vocal Cues Volume Rate Pitch Volume Rate Pitch 4. Space and Time

Body Language is Everybody’s First Language From birth, before learning to speak, humans develop body language skills Specifically, ATTENTION is what we learn first Crying, making noise, and sudden movements are all babies’ attempts to gain attention

Warming up What is the feeling of the baby? smilecry surpriseangry happy fear

Warming up II Match each picture with the emotion and correct sentence.

Legs & Feet *In Asia and some European countries, putting feet up on a desk or any other piece of furniture is very disrespectful. *Sitting cross-legged, while common in North America and some European countries, is very impolite in other parts of the world.

Hands *The Italian “good-bye” wave can be interpreted by Americans as the gesture of “come here.” *The American “good-bye” wave can be interpreted in many parts of Europe and Latin America as the signal for “no.” * For greeting and farewell * Handshaking

Hands

Friends put hands on each other to show closeness. *Hand-holding among the same sex is a custom of special friendship and respect in several Middle Eastern and Asian countries.

*Right hand. The right hand has special significance in many societies. In certain countries in the Middle East and in Asia, it is best to present business cards or gifts, or to pass dishes of food, to get an attention, using only the right hand or both. *Left hand is considered unclean in much of the Middle East and in parts of Indonesia. Hands

Fingers *The “O.K.” signal. (the thumb and forefinger form a circle) means * “fine,” or “O.K.” in most cultures, *“zero” or “worthless” in some parts of Europe *“money” in Japan *an insult in Greece, Brazil, Italy, Turkey, Russia and some other countries

*Pointing. *Pointing with the index finger is common in North America and Europe. *But it is considered impolite in Japan and China where they favor using the whole open hand. *Malaysians prefer pointing with the thumb. Fingers

Communication is Complex There are various reasons why communication is complex: 1.Communication is More Than Speaking and Listening 2.Communication is Transactional Person OnePerson Two Person One Person Two Speaking Listening ListeningSpeaking 3.Communication Depends on Feedback Feedback Feedback refers to the verbal and nonverbal messages listeners send that tells speakers how they are doing. There are various reasons why communication is complex: 1.Communication is More Than Speaking and Listening 2.Communication is Transactional Person OnePerson Two Person One Person Two Speaking Listening ListeningSpeaking 3.Communication Depends on Feedback Feedback Feedback refers to the verbal and nonverbal messages listeners send that tells speakers how they are doing. There are various reasons why communication is complex: 1.Communication is More Than Speaking and Listening 2.Communication is Transactional Person OnePerson Two Person One Person Two Speaking Listening ListeningSpeaking 3.Communication Depends on Feedback Feedback Feedback refers to the verbal and nonverbal messages listeners send that tells speakers how they are doing.

Communication is Complex There are various reasons why communication is complex: 4.Communication is Blocked by Interference “Interference or Noise” “Interference or Noise” refers to something that blocks a listener’s ability to receive a message. External interference such as loud music, or car. Internal interference such as personal worries, daydreaming, or physical illness. 5.Communication Occurs in a Context Context Context refers to the situation in which you are communicating. You will adapt your messages to time, place, occasion, and people involved. You will consider listener’s culture and expectations.

Understanding the Context

Components of Communication Communication includes six components: –Context –Sender-Encoder –Message –Medium –Receiver-Decoder –Feedback

Important Term Noise or Barrier –Anything which reduces a communication’s clarity and accuracy

Medium

Determining the Number of Communications Channels  As the number of people involved increases, the complexity of communications increases because there are more communications channels or pathways through which people can communicate.  Number of communications channels = n(n-1) 2 where n is the number of people involved.

The Impact of the Number of People on Communications Channels