What is Science? Review This slide show will present a question, followed by a slide with an acceptable answer. For some questions, there is a definite correct answer. For other questions, several answers may be correct.

What is SCIENCE? There are several correct answers to this question; list as many as you can.

A way to answer questions & solve problems How we understand the world around us A way or process used to investigate what is happening around you It provides possible answers What is SCIENCE?

Practice Problem Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on a.facts. b.testing explanations. c.observations. d.theories.

Practice Problem Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on a.facts. b.testing explanations. c.observations. d.theories.

Practice Problem Which of the following is NOT a goal of science? a.to investigate and understand the natural world b.to explain events in the natural world c.to establish a collection of unchanging truths d.to use derived explanations to make useful predictions

Practice Problem Which of the following is NOT a goal of science? a.to investigate and understand the natural world b.to explain events in the natural world c.to establish a collection of unchanging truths d.to use derived explanations to make useful predictions

What is the Scientific Method?

What is the scientific method? A process that uses skills to gather, organize, analyze and communicate information A general process, not set in stone

Define HYPOTHESIS

A statement that can be tested by conducting an experiment Prior knowledge, new information, observations can be used to form a hypothesis

Describe VARIABLE

A part of an investigation that can be CHANGED

List the 3 TYPES OF VARIABLES

1.Independent Variable 2.Dependent Variable 3.Controlled Variable

Explain INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

The variable that can be changed during an experiment The variable that the scientists chooses to change The variable that may cause a change in the dependent variable

Explain DEPENDENT VARIABLE

The factor that is being measured in an experiment The variable that is measured by scientists The variable that may change because of the independent variable

Explain CONTROLLED VARIABLE (CONSTANT)

Variable that stays the same during an experiment Variable that is controlled by the scientist Variable that is not allowed to change

Explain how to RECORD DATA

Data Tables A way to record results and observations accurately Have a descriptive title Divided into columns & rows Shows the independent variable Provides a place to record the dependent variable Explain how to RECORD DATA

Describe how to ANALYZE DATA

Reduce the data with the best measure of central tendency Graph the data Look for patterns and relations Look at the shape of the graph Describe how to ANALYZE DATA

Practice Problem In a laboratory report on the study of the effects of different fertilizers on the growth of marigolds, where would you MOST likely find a graph that shows how the variables are related? A.Hypothesis B.Procedure C.Data D.Conclusions

Practice Problem In a laboratory report on the study of the effects of different fertilizers on the growth of marigolds, where would you MOST likely find a graph that shows how the variables are related? A.Hypothesis B.Procedure C.Data D.Conclusions

What do scientists do when they DRAW CONCLUSIONS?

Answer the original question State whether or not the hypothesis was supported (it is never “right” or “wrong”) Pose questions for further research

Practice Problem A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph? A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period. B. Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds. C. Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds. D. Infection in creed-fed ponds remained constant throughout the sampling period.

Practice Problem A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph? A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period. B. Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds. C. Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds. D. Infection in creed-fed ponds remained constant throughout the sampling period.

Practice Problem Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person’s pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person’s pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person’s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music. Which component is missing from Carmen’s experiment? A. a question B. a hypothesis C. a control group D. a description of the experiment

Practice Problem Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person’s pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person’s pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person’s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music. Which component is missing from Carmen’s experiment? A. a question B. a hypothesis C. a control group D. a description of the experiment

What would be some exceptions to the scientific method?

What would be exceptions to the scientific method? If experimentation would harm humans (exposing humans to carcinigens to test cancer treatments) Observing animals in the wild (scientists don’t want to disrupt them with experimentation)

Why are REPEATED TRIALS necessary in an experiment?

To make sure results are valid The more trials conducted, the more likely the results are reliable To make sure a “fluke” is not considered the true result

How do scientists COMMUNICATE the results of their work?

Reported in scientific journals Science journals Presentations to other scientists How do scientists COMMUNICATE the results of their work?

Why is it important to communicate results of work? To have scientist check methods To have other scientists reproduce experiment for added support To create new questions to research

Practice Problem How does sharing ideas through peer-reviewed articles help advance science? a. Peer-reviewed articles are published only when the ideas they contain have been accepted by most scientists. b. Experiments in peer-reviewed articles do not need to be repeated. c. Scientists reading the articles may come up with new questions to study. d. Ideas in the articles always support and strengthen dominant theories.

Practice Problem How does sharing ideas through peer-reviewed articles help advance science? a. Peer-reviewed articles are published only when the ideas they contain have been accepted by most scientists. b. Experiments in peer-reviewed articles do not need to be repeated. c. Scientists reading the articles may come up with new questions to study. d. Ideas in the articles always support and strengthen dominant theories.

Why do scientists use MODELS?

Why do scientists use models? To predict outcomes To explain phenominon on a different scale.

What is the difference in a hypothesis, theory and a law?

What is the difference in a Hypothesis, Theory and a Law? A HYPOTHESIS is a testable educated guess A THEORY is a TESTED EXPLANATION for a phenomena –Can be modified due to further experimentation –Combines multiple observations and proven hypothesis A LAW is a DESCRIPTION of a phenomena –It does not explain WHY the phenomena happens –Will not change

Practice Problem How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses? a. Theories are the same as hypotheses. b. Theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses. c. Hypotheses combine the ideas of several theories to explain events. d. Hypotheses are the dominant view among scientists.

Practice Problem How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses? a. Theories are the same as hypotheses. b. Theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses. c. Hypotheses combine the ideas of several theories to explain events. d. Hypotheses are the dominant view among scientists.

Practice Problem A theory a. is always true. b. is the opening statement of an experiment. c. may be revised or replaced. d. is a problem to be solved.

Practice Problem A theory a. is always true. b. is the opening statement of an experiment. c. may be revised or replaced. d. is a problem to be solved.