Queen Elizabeth I

James I, ( ) Related to Elizabeth (he was from the same Tudor family) Unlike Elizabeth, he didn’t try to sweet talk Parliament. He resented having people tell him what to do and wouldn’t beg for money from Parliament. He is best know for having sponsored the translation of the Bible as many know it today, the King James version

Today, 1 page from an original printed King James Version 1611 costs between $

Charles I came to the throne when his father James died. (rules from 1625 – 1648) Always in need of $ because of wars with Spain & France. Whenever Parliament refused to allocate funds for war he would disband it. Finally in 1628 they agreed to give him the $ if he signed the Petition of Right

Petition of Right said: Due cause for imprisonment No new taxes without consent of Parliament Can not house soldiers in private homes Can’t impose martial law during peace After he got his money he ignored the Petition (he was a chip off the ol’ block)

English Civil War

The war was between those loyal to Charles (Royalists or Cavaliers ) and those not (Roundheads) who were lead by Oliver Cromwell

The end of Charles I

During Cromwell’s rule morality laws were enacted. After his death in 1658 the people longed for the monarchy. This is what they got…. Charles II

The period was called the Restoration. Let the good times roll. (Games, sporting events, dancing, comedy plays were all brought back)

Habeas Corpus A document that required a person would be brought before a judge to decide if their imprisonment was legal

When Charles II died in 1685, his son, James II was made king. But he was also like his grandfather and broke laws, he flaunted his Catholicism and his subjects feared they were in for another round of lousy kings. They called for help

William of Orange, 1689 – 1702 His uncle (and father- in-law) was James II He brought his army from the Netherlands and took the crown in what was called The Glorious Revolution

James II lost any chance of regaining his throne when he & his Irish army (the only Catholics he could find in the British Isles) were defeated at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland

Armies now included a mix of pike men (to handle a cavalry charge), and musket men (to handle the infantry)

William & Mary had to agree to share power with Parliament. They would no longer be absolute. The form of government would be called a Constitutional Monarchy

William also agreed to a Bill of Rights in Some of the things a ruler couldn’t do were: Suspend Parliament’s laws Levy taxes w/o approval from Parl Interfere with free speech in Parliament Penalize a citizen who complains about grievances They created a cabinet, which was a group of ministers that worked as a link between the monarch & the Parliament The leader of the cabinet is called the Prime Minister

William & Mary University in Williamsburg, VA was founded by the King & Queen of England in It is the 2 nd oldest college in America

Elizabeth I (The Virgin Queen) 1558–1603 James I 1603–1625 Charles I (Saint Charles the Martyr) 1625–1649 Oliver Cromwell (Old Ironsides) 1653–1658 Charles II James II 1685 –1688 William III & Mary