5 Opinion and Participation Thinking and Acting in Politics

Learning Objectives Analyze the relationships between politics, public opinion, and policy changes Explain how the agents of socialization influence the development of political opinions © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Determine the role of ideology in shaping opinion and describe the relationship between gender, race, and opinion Assess how and to what extent public opinion influences public policy making Learning Objectives © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Identify the various ways in which a citizen may participate in politics Trace the expansion of the right to vote Learning Objectives © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Analyze the political and demographic factors that influence voter turnout and assess the consequences of nonvoting Characterize protest as a form of political participation Learning Objectives © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Politics and Public Opinion  Knowledge Levels  “Halo Effect”  Inconsistencies  Salience  Opinion Research 5.1 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Knowledge Levels  “Halo Effect”  Inconsistencies  Salience  Opinion Research Politics and Public Opinion 5.1 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 5.1: Cause for concern?: What Americans [don’t] know about politics 5.1 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Knowledge Levels  “Halo Effect”  Inconsistencies  Salience  Opinion Research Politics and Public Opinion 5.1 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Knowledge Levels  “Halo Effect”  Inconsistencies  Salience  Opinion Research Politics and Public Opinion 5.1 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.1 What is the halo effect? a.Respondents tend to give socially acceptable answers. b.Respondents tend to rate dead presidents higher than living ones. c.Respondents refuse to answer polls on Sundays. d.Respondents trust researchers who come to their door more than those who phone. 5.1 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.1 What is the halo effect? a.Respondents tend to give socially acceptable answers. b.Respondents tend to rate dead presidents higher than living ones. c.Respondents refuse to answer polls on Sundays. d.Respondents trust researchers who come to their door more than those who phone. 5.1 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Socialization: Origins of Political Opinions  Family  School  Church  Age and Opinion  Media Influence 5.2 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Family  School  Church  Age and Opinion  Media Influence Socialization: Origins of Political Opinions 5.2 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

“All great change in America begins at the dinner table.” 5.2 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

TABLE 5.1: Education and tolerance: A strong correlation 5.2 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Family  School  Church  Age and Opinion  Media Influence Socialization: Origins of Political Opinions 5.2 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

TABLE 5.2: Religion and public opinion: It’s strength of conviction, not church affiliation, that matters most 5.2 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Family  School  Church  Age and Opinion  Media Influence Socialization: Origins of Political Opinions 5.2 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

TABLE 5.3: Age and public opinion: Opinion and participation change with the years 5.2 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.2 From which media outlet do Americans get most of their political news? a.Internet b.Television c.Radio d.Newspapers 5.2 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.2 From which media outlet do Americans get most of their political news? a.Internet b.Television c.Radio d.Newspapers 5.2 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ideology, Gender, Race, and Opinion  Gender and Opinion  Race and Opinion  Hispanic Opinion 5.3 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

TABLE 5.4: Deciding who gets what: How ideology influences opinion 5.3 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Gender and Opinion  Race and Opinion  Hispanic Opinion Ideology, Gender, Race, and Opinion 5.3 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 5.2: Gender gap: Differences in policy opinions 5.3 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Gender and Opinion  Race and Opinion  Hispanic Opinion 5.3 Ideology, Gender, Race, and Opinion © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 5.3: Racial gap: Differences in policy opinions 5.3 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Gender and Opinion  Race and Opinion  Hispanic Opinion 5.3 Ideology, Gender, Race, and Opinion © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

TABLE 5.5: Hispanic opinion: Policy preferences of a growing demographic 5.4 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Unions, minorities, and political organizing 5.3 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.3 Hispanics and African Americans tend to share what political viewpoint? a.Conservative on economic issues, liberal on social issues b.Conservative on both social and economic issues c.Liberal on economic issues, conservative on social issues d.Liberal on both social and economic issues 5.3 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.3 Hispanics and African Americans tend to share what political viewpoint? a.Conservative on economic issues, liberal on social issues b.Conservative on both social and economic issues c.Liberal on economic issues, conservative on social issues d.Liberal on both social and economic issues 5.3 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Policy and Opinion  Does public opinion determine policy?  Should it? Key feature of democracy Yet, opinion is weak and unstable  Politicians can ignore it  Lobbyists can influence politicians and public  Elites participate, have influence 5.4 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.4 What is the link between public opinion and public policy? a.Participation leads to influence. b.Politicians pay close attention to polls before they vote on an issue. c.Public opinion always guides policy in a democracy. d.All of the above 5.4 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.4 What is the link between public opinion and public policy? a.Participation leads to influence. b.Politicians pay close attention to polls before they vote on an issue. c.Public opinion always guides policy in a democracy. d.All of the above 5.4 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Individual Participation in Politics  Active participation Run for office Take part in marches, protests Attend meetings, speeches, rallies Write letters Vote Volunteer in campaigns  Passive participation 5.5 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.5 Which of the following is a form of active political participation? a.Attending protests b.Running for office c.Voting d.All of the above 5.5 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.5 Which of the following is a form of active political participation? a.Attending protests b.Running for office c.Voting d.All of the above 5.5 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Elimination of Property Qualification,  15th Amendment, 1870  Continued Denial of Voting Rights,  Civil Rights Act, 24th Amendment, and Voting Rights Act,  19th Amendment, 1920  26th Amendment, 1971  National Voter Registration Act, 1993  HAVA, 2002  MOVE Act, 2009 Securing the Right to Vote 5.6 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 5.4: Political participation: How – and how many – people get involved 5.6 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Securing the Right to Vote 5.6  Elimination of Property Qualification,  15th Amendment, 1870  Continued Denial of Voting Rights,  Civil Rights Act, 24th Amendment, and Voting Rights Act,  19th Amendment, 1920  26th Amendment, 1971  National Voter Registration Act, 1993  HAVA, 2002  MOVE Act, 2009 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Securing the Right to Vote 5.6  Elimination of Property Qualification,  15th Amendment, 1870  Continued Denial of Voting Rights,  Civil Rights Act, 24th Amendment, and Voting Rights Act,  19th Amendment, 1920  26th Amendment, 1971  National Voter Registration Act, 1993 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Opening the voting booth 5.6 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Securing the Right to Vote 5.6  Elimination of Property Qualification,  15th Amendment, 1870  Continued Denial of Voting Rights,  Civil Rights Act, 24th Amendment, and Voting Rights Act,  19th Amendment, 1920  26th Amendment, 1971  National Voter Registration Act, 1993 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Suffragette city 5.6 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Securing the Right to Vote 5.6  Continued Denial of Voting Rights,  Civil Rights Act, 24th Amendment, and Voting Rights Act,  19th Amendment, 1920  26th Amendment, 1971  National Voter Registration Act, 1993  HAVA, 2002  MOVE Act, 2009 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.6 Which amendment gave women the right to vote? a.26th b.19th c.15th d.14th 5.6 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.6 Which amendment gave women the right to vote? a.26th b.19th c.15th d.14th 5.6 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Voting and Nonvoting  Rational Voter  Burden of Registration  Burdensome Voting  Politics of Voter Turnout  Stimulus of Competition  Political Alienation  Intensity  Age and Turnout 5.7 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Voting and Nonvoting  Party Organization  Voters and Nonvoters  Changing American Voter  Nonvoting: What Difference Does It Make?  Felon Disfranchisement 5.7 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 5.5: Trending upward: Voter turnout in presidential and Congressional elections 5.7 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Voting and Nonvoting  Rational Voter  Burden of Registration  Burdensome Voting  Politics of Voter Turnout  Stimulus of Competition  Political Alienation  Intensity  Age and Turnout 5.7 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Rational Voter  Burden of Registration  Burdensome Voting  Politics of Voter Turnout  Stimulus of Competition  Political Alienation  Intensity  Age and Turnout 5.7 Voting and Nonvoting © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Who are you? 5.7 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Rational Voter  Burden of Registration  Burdensome Voting  Politics of Voter Turnout  Stimulus of Competition  Political Alienation  Intensity  Age and Turnout 5.7 Voting and Nonvoting © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Rational Voter  Burden of Registration  Burdensome Voting  Politics of Voter Turnout  Stimulus of Competition  Political Alienation  Intensity  Age and Turnout 5.7 Voting and Nonvoting © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 5.6: Who votes 5.7 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Party Organization  Voters and Nonvoters  Changing American Voter  Nonvoting: What Difference Does It Make?  Felon Disfranchisement 5.7 Voting and Nonvoting © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Party Organization  Voters and Nonvoters  Changing American Voter  Nonvoting: What Difference Does It Make?  Felon Disfranchisement 5.7 Voting and Nonvoting © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 5.7: The Changing American Voter 5.7 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Party Organization  Voters and Nonvoters  Changing American Voter  Nonvoting: What Difference Does It Make?  Felon Disfranchisement 5.7 Voting and Nonvoting © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 5.8: The Participation Gap 5.7 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

a.Republican Party b.Democratic Party c.Both parties in about equal numbers d.It is impossible to determine which party they’d support 5.7 Based on demographic characteristics, which party would the 50% of eligible voters who don’t vote be likely to support? 5.7 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.7 Based on demographic characteristics, which party would the 50% of eligible voters who don’t vote be likely to support? a.Republican Party b.Democratic Party c.Both parties in about equal numbers d.It is impossible to determine which party they’d support 5.7 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Protest as Political Participation  Protests  Civil Disobedience  Violence  Effectiveness 5.8 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Protests  Civil Disobedience  Violence  Effectiveness 5.8 Protest as Political Participation © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Protests  Civil Disobedience  Violence  Effectiveness 5.8 Protest as Political Participation © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Protest meets violent protest 5.8 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.8 Which amendment guarantees citizens the right to protest? a.2nd Amendment b.9th Amendment c.1st Amendment d.10th Amendment 5.8 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

a.2nd Amendment b.9th Amendment c.1st Amendment d.10th Amendment 5.8 Which amendment guarantees citizens the right to protest? 5.8 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Discussion Question Why is political participation important in a democracy? Which types of citizens are the most and least likely to participate in the U.S. political system? What effect do the demographics of political participation have on public policy? 5 © 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.