8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding > 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding 8.1 Molecular Compounds 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding 8.3 Bonding Theories 8.4 Polar Bonds and Molecules

8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding > 2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Do Now Complete Section 8.1 of the handout.

8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding > 3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Single Covalent Bond: atoms held together by sharing one pair of electrons The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding

8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding > 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Structural Formula: represents the covalent bonds as dashes and shows the arrangement of covalently bonded atoms. H:HH-H The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding

8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding > 5 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Double Covalent Bond: a bond that involves two shared pairs of electrons The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding

8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding > 6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Triple Covalent Bond: a bond formed by sharing three pairs of electrons The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding

8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding > 7 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Bond Dissociation Energy: energy required to break the bond between two covalently bonded atoms. Bond Dissociation Energies Bond Bond Dissociation Energy (kJ/mol) Bond Length (pm) C C = C C

8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding > 8 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Drawing Lewis Dot Structures: 1.Determine # of valence electrons. 2.Determine # of “octet” electrons. *Note*– Hydrogen gets 2 3. # bonds = (# valence e - - # octet e - ) / 2 4. Arrange atoms with # bonds from step Add electron pairs until all atoms have the correct number of electrons around them 6. Recheck your answer to make sure you have the right # of bonds and electrons. The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding

8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding > 9 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Draw Lewis Dot Structures for each molecular compound: a) SiO 2 b) HCl c) H 2 O d) HCN The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding

8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding > 10 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Here are some common molecular shapes. LinearTrigonal planarBentPyramidal TetrahedralTrigonal bipyramidal OctahedralSquare planar

8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding > 11 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. END OF 8.2