EYE MOVEMENTS NBIO 401 – Friday November 8, 2013

Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

Oculomotor system compensates for 2 limitations of the visual system

1)Small fovea

Oculomotor system compensates for 2 limitations of the visual system 1)Small fovea 2) Poor resolution of moving images

Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) (reflex) & Optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN) (reflex)

VOR

Caloric Testing

OKN

Smooth Pursuit (voluntary)

Saccades (voluntary)

Saccade Example

Abducens Nucleus

Abducens Nucleus

Pre Motor Network for Horizontal Saccades ( in the PPRF) Pre Motor Network for Vertical Saccades (in the interstitial nucleus)

Vergence (voluntary)

Fixation (voluntary)

fini