Late Nineteenth Century European Imperialism

Objective To understand the causes of European imperialism of the late 19 th century To understand the extent of European imperial expansion To understand the consequences of European imperialism for Europe and the developing world

Definitions Imperialism Colonialism Nationalism Chauvinism

The World in 1900

Causes of Late 19 th Century European Imperialism Economic Industrialization European Capitalism

European Investments

Causes of Late 19 th Century European Imperialism Political Cultural and Religious

Britain Largest colonial empire “Sun never sets on the British Empire” Two kinds of colonies

British Empire

Cecil Rhodes

France Second Largest colonial empire Acquisitions Motivations

French Colonial Empire

French Madagascar

Bastille Day in Vietnam

Southeast Asia

Germany Bismarck originally opposed colonial expansion Germany took colonies in 1880s for status symbols

German Colonial Empire

Missionary School in German East Africa

United States Did not get involved in European affairs Became colonial power after 1898 Monroe Doctrine “Informal Imperialism”

The United States and Possessions

Cartoon of Spanish-American War

Scramble for Africa European interest in Africa “Dark Continent” Exploration of Interior

Scramble for Africa By 1914, 90% of Africa under European control Berlin Conference in 1885

Berlin Conference

Scramble for Africa Consequences

Africa, 1914

European Imperialism in Asia India Britain trading in India since 1600s British government gradually took over India in the 1800s

Mughal Empire

British Expansion in India

European Imperialism in Asia Consequences of British Imperialism in India

Life in British India

Road-building in India

European Imperialism in Asia China Potentially huge market Closed to European trade until 1800s Opium War (1840) “Spheres of influence” Chinese monarchy seriously weakened

Dowager Empress Tzu Hsi

Opium War, 1840

Spheres of Influence in China

Missionary Activity in China

Reaction to Imperialism Rise of Nationalist Movements India China

Mohandas Gandhi

Boxer Rebellion

Sun-Yat Sen

Reaction to Imperialism Japan Long isolated from Western trade U.S. opens Japan to trade in 1854 Meiji Restoration (1868)

Japanese view of Europeans, 1500s

Opening of Japan, 1854

Emperor Meiji ( )

Reaction to Imperialism Japan adopts imperialism by 1890s Sino-Japanese War ( ) Russo-Japanese War ( ) “Yellow Peril”

Map of Japanese Expansion

Conclusion Different reasons for European imperialism during late nineteenth century European imperialism causes reactions in Africa and Asia European imperialism disrupts traditional way of life and continues to affect the world today